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From Seven to Seventy
From Seven to Seventy

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of From Seven to Seventy is here in full — 281 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/56 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.
No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.
The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.
It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.
The waves that come to St. Ives Bay are straight from America, and there is nothing to equal the beauty of the cliffs and sand except the coast of Maine.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

From Seven to Seventy

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of From Seven to Seventy is here in full — 281 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/56 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.
Line 2
No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.
/noʊ mɔːr θætʃt ruːfs noʊ mɔːr flɔːrz ʌv ˈbiːtən ɜːrθ noʊ mɔːr məˈnʊr paɪlz ɪn frʌnt ʌv ðə ˈhaʊsəz/
Line 3
The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.
/ðə ruːfs ɑːr ʌv sleɪt ˈtɑːpɪŋ ˈlɪtəl stoʊn ˈhaʊsəz wɪð kwaɪt ˈprɑːpər flɔːrz ðə frʌnt jɑːrdz ɑːr kliːn ənd ðə ˈkɔːrnɪʃ ˈfɑːrmər ɪz moʊst ˈlaɪkli ə ˈwezliən bʌt hiː meɪ bɪˈlɔːŋ tuː wʌn ʌv ðə ˈʌðər ˈθɜːrˈtiːn dɪˌnɔːməˈneɪʃənz ðæt ˈflɜːrɪʃ ɪn ðɪs taʊn ʌv faɪv ˈθaʊzənd ɪnˈhæbətənts/
Line 4
It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.
Line 5
The waves that come to St. Ives Bay are straight from America, and there is nothing to equal the beauty of the cliffs and sand except the coast of Maine.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cornish noun US /ˈkɔːrnɪʃ/

a Celtic language spoken in Cornwall

From this reading “The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.”

denominations noun US /dɪˌnɔːməˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “denomination” — a group of religious congregations having its own organization and a distinctive faith

From this reading “The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.”

Ives noun US /aɪvz/

United States composer noted for his innovative use of polytonality (1874-1954)

From this reading “_St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.”

makers noun US /ˈmeɪkərz/

plural of “maker” — a person who makes things

From this reading “It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.”

manure noun US /məˈnʊr/

any animal or plant material used to fertilize land especially animal excreta usually with litter material

From this reading “No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.”

thirteenth adjective US /ˈθɜːr.tiːnθ/

Constituting number thirteen in a sequence.

From this reading “_St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.”

topping noun US /ˈtɑːpɪŋ/

a flavorful addition on top of a dish

From this reading “The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.”

Wesleyan noun US /ˈwezliən/

a follower of Wesleyanism

From this reading “The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

seventeenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “_St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.”

thatched roofs noun + noun counted as “thatch roof”

In this reading “No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.”

five thousand noun + noun

In this reading “The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.”

most likely adverb + adjective

In this reading “The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.”

thousand inhabitants noun + noun counted as “thousand inhabitant”

In this reading “The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.”

front yards noun + noun counted as “front yard”

the yard in front of a house; between the house and the street

In this reading “The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.”

in front preposition + noun

at or in the front

In this reading “No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.”

old traditions adjective + noun counted as “old tradition”

In this reading “It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading The waves that come to St. Ives Bay are straight from America, and there is nothing to equal the beauty of the cliffs and sand except the coast of Maine.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

archæologists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

badlyadverbUS /ˈbædli/

to a severe or serious degree

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

BaynounUS /beɪ/

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading The waves that come to St. Ives Bay are straight from America, and there is nothing to equal the beauty of the cliffs and sand except the coast of Maine.

beatenadjectiveUS /ˈbiːtən/

formed or made thin by hammering

From this reading No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading The waves that come to St. Ives Bay are straight from America, and there is nothing to equal the beauty of the cliffs and sand except the coast of Maine.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

belongverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋ/

be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading _St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

cleanadjectiveUS /kliːn/

free from dirt or impurities; or having clean habits

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

cliffsnounUS /klɪfs/

plural of “cliff” — a steep high face of rock

From this reading The waves that come to St. Ives Bay are straight from America, and there is nothing to equal the beauty of the cliffs and sand except the coast of Maine.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading The waves that come to St. Ives Bay are straight from America, and there is nothing to equal the beauty of the cliffs and sand except the coast of Maine.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The waves that come to St. Ives Bay are straight from America, and there is nothing to equal the beauty of the cliffs and sand except the coast of Maine.

Concarneau

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.

CornishnounUS /ˈkɔːrnɪʃ/

a Celtic language spoken in Cornwall

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

CornwallnounUS /ˈkɔːrnwɔːl/

a hilly county in southwestern England

From this reading _St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.

customsnounUS /ˈkʌstəmz/

money collected under a tariff

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

denominationsnounUS /dɪˌnɔːməˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “denomination” — a group of religious congregations having its own organization and a distinctive faith

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.

EnglishmannounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃmən/

a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading The waves that come to St. Ives Bay are straight from America, and there is nothing to equal the beauty of the cliffs and sand except the coast of Maine.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading The waves that come to St. Ives Bay are straight from America, and there is nothing to equal the beauty of the cliffs and sand except the coast of Maine.

farmernounUS /ˈfɑːrmər/

a person who operates a farm

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

floorsnounUS /flɔːrz/

plural of “floor” — the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.

flourishverbUS /ˈflɜːrɪʃ/

grow vigorously

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.

GoingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading _St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.

handedadjectiveUS /ˈhændəd/

having or involving the use of hands

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

IvesnounUS /aɪvz/

United States composer noted for his innovative use of polytonality (1874-1954)

From this reading _St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading _St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading _St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.

MainenounUS /meɪn/

a state in New England

From this reading The waves that come to St. Ives Bay are straight from America, and there is nothing to equal the beauty of the cliffs and sand except the coast of Maine.

makersnounUS /ˈmeɪkərz/

plural of “maker” — a person who makes things

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

manurenounUS /məˈnʊr/

any animal or plant material used to fertilize land especially animal excreta usually with litter material

From this reading No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading _St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading The waves that come to St. Ives Bay are straight from America, and there is nothing to equal the beauty of the cliffs and sand except the coast of Maine.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

Picts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

pilesnounUS /paɪlz/

venous swelling external or internal to the anal sphincter

From this reading No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

recognizeverbUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/

accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

roofsnounUS /ruːfs/

plural of “roof” — a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading The waves that come to St. Ives Bay are straight from America, and there is nothing to equal the beauty of the cliffs and sand except the coast of Maine.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

seventeenthadjectiveUS /ˈsevənˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the sixteenth in position

From this reading _St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.

slatenounUS /sleɪt/

(formerly) a writing tablet made of slate

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

stonesnounUS /stoʊnz/

plural of “stone” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading The waves that come to St. Ives Bay are straight from America, and there is nothing to equal the beauty of the cliffs and sand except the coast of Maine.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

thatchedverbUS /θætʃt/

past form of “thatch” — cover with thatch

From this reading No more thatched roofs, no more floors of beaten earth, no more manure piles in front of the houses.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

thinksnounUS /θɪŋks/

plural of “think” — an instance of deliberate thinking

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

thirteennounUS /ˈθɜːrˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of twelve and one

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

thirteenthadjectiveUS /ˈθɜːr.tiːnθ/

Constituting number thirteen in a sequence.

From this reading _St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.

toppingnounUS /ˈtɑːpɪŋ/

a flavorful addition on top of a dish

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

traditionsnounUS /trəˈdɪʃənz/

plural of “tradition” — an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading _St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.

VIIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of seven and one

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _St. Ives, Cornwall; London_ Going from Concarneau to St. Ives was like moving up from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.

wavesnounUS /weɪvz/

plural of “wave” — one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading The waves that come to St. Ives Bay are straight from America, and there is nothing to equal the beauty of the cliffs and sand except the coast of Maine.

WesleyannounUS /ˈwezliən/

a follower of Wesleyanism

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It is true that there is a circle of stones which archæologists say was placed before the time of the Picts; there are some customs handed down from centuries before; but most of the “ancient laws” are no earlier than Henry VIII, and the old traditions are so changed that the original makers would not recognize them, for the Englishman _will_ think for himself, even though he thinks badly.

yardsnounUS /jɑːrdz/

plural of “yard” — a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading The roofs are of slate, topping little stone houses, with quite proper floors; the front yards are clean, and the Cornish farmer is most likely a Wesleyan, but he may belong to one of the other thirteen denominations that flourish in this town of five thousand inhabitants.

Chapter 8 of From Seven to Seventy by Edward Simmons holds 281 sentences, grouped into 57 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of From Seven to Seventy contain?

Chapter 8 holds 281 sentences of From Seven to Seventy, unabridged, divided into 57 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of From Seven to Seventy by Edward Simmons exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 281 sentences, grouped into 57 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of From Seven to Seventy?

Work through the 57 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 57 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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