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Gargantua and Pantagruel
Gargantua and Pantagruel

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Gargantua and Pantagruel is here in full — 498 sentences across 100 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/99 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.
Pantagruel, very well remembering his father’s letter and admonitions, would one day make trial of his knowledge.
Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.
And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.
He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gargantua and Pantagruel

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Gargantua and Pantagruel is here in full — 498 sentences across 100 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/99 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.
Line 2
Pantagruel, very well remembering his father’s letter and admonitions, would one day make trial of his knowledge.
Line 3
Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.
Line 4
And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.
/ənd fɜːrst ʌv ɔːl ɪn ðə ˈfɑːdər striːt hiː held dɪsˈpjuːt əˈɡenst ɔːl ðə ˈriːdʒənts ɔːr ˈfeloʊz ʌv ˈkɑːlɪdʒɪz ˈɑːrtɪsts ɔːr ˈmæstərz ʌv ɑːrts ənd ˈɔːrətərz ənd dɪd soʊ ˈɡæləntli ðæt hiː ˌoʊvərˈθruː ðem ənd set ðem ɔːl əˈpɑːn ðer teɪlz/
Line 5
He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

admonitions noun US /ˌædməˈnɪʃənz/

plural of “admonition” — cautionary advice about something imminent (especially imminent danger or other unpleasantness)

From this reading “Pantagruel, very well remembering his father’s letter and admonitions, would one day make trial of his knowledge.”

equitably adverb US /ˈekwɪtəbli/

in an equitable manner

From this reading “How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.”

Fodder noun US /ˈfɑːdər/

soldiers who are regarded as expendable in the face of artillery fire

From this reading “And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.”

orators noun US /ˈɔːrətərz/

plural of “orator” — a person who delivers a speech or oration

From this reading “And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.”

overthrew verb US /ˌoʊvərˈθruː/

inflected form of “overthrow” — cause the downfall of; of rulers

From this reading “And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.”

regents noun US /ˈriːdʒənts/

plural of “regent” — members of a governing board

From this reading “And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.”

Sorbonne noun US /sɔːrˈbɑːn/

a university in Paris; intellectual center of France

From this reading “He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.”

theologians noun US /ˌθiːəˈloʊdʒənz/

plural of “theologian” — someone who is learned in theology or who speculates about theology

From this reading “He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.”

All words in this reading · 116

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

admirableadjectiveUS /ˈædmərəbəl/

deserving of the highest esteem or admiration

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

admonitionsnounUS /ˌædməˈnɪʃənz/

plural of “admonition” — cautionary advice about something imminent (especially imminent danger or other unpleasantness)

From this reading Pantagruel, very well remembering his father’s letter and admonitions, would one day make trial of his knowledge.

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

argumentnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

artistsnounUS /ˈɑːrtɪsts/

plural of “artist” — a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

carrefours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

collegesnounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒɪz/

plural of “college” — the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

conclusionsnounUS /kənˈkluːʒənz/

plural of “conclusion” — a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

controversynounUS /ˈkɑːntrəvɜːrsi/

a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

cornersnounUS /ˈkɔːrnərz/

plural of “corner” — a place off to the side of an area

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Pantagruel, very well remembering his father’s letter and admonitions, would one day make trial of his knowledge.

decreeverbUS /dɪˈkriː/

issue a decree

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

disputeverbUS /dɪsˈpjuːt/

take exception to

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

divines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

doubtsnounUS /daʊts/

plural of “doubt” — the state of being unsure of something

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

equitablyadverbUS /ˈekwɪtəbli/

in an equitable manner

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Pantagruel, very well remembering his father’s letter and admonitions, would one day make trial of his knowledge.

fellowsnounUS /ˈfeloʊz/

plural of “fellow” — a boy or man

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

FoddernounUS /ˈfɑːdər/

soldiers who are regarded as expendable in the face of artillery fire

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

gallantlyadverbUS /ˈɡæləntli/

in a gallant manner

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

hardestadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdəst/

superlative of “hard” — with effort or force or vigor

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

intervalnounUS /ˈɪntərvəl/

a definite length of time marked off by two instants

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

judgedverbUS /dʒʌdʒd/

past form of “judge” — determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

judgmentnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading Pantagruel, very well remembering his father’s letter and admonitions, would one day make trial of his knowledge.

learningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading Pantagruel, very well remembering his father’s letter and admonitions, would one day make trial of his knowledge.

maintainedadjectiveUS /meɪnˈteɪnd/

kept in good condition

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Pantagruel, very well remembering his father’s letter and admonitions, would one day make trial of his knowledge.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

ninenounUS /naɪn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

obscureverbUS /əbsˈkjʊr/

make less visible or unclear

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Pantagruel, very well remembering his father’s letter and admonitions, would one day make trial of his knowledge.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

oratorsnounUS /ˈɔːrətərz/

plural of “orator” — a person who delivers a speech or oration

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

overthrewverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈθruː/

inflected form of “overthrow” — cause the downfall of; of rulers

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

Pantagruel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

quartersnounUS /ˈkwɔːrtərz/

housing available for people to live in

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

refreshverbUS /rɪˈfreʃ/

refresh one's memory

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

regentsnounUS /ˈriːdʒənts/

plural of “regent” — members of a governing board

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

rememberingnounUS /rɪˈmembərɪŋ/

the cognitive processes whereby past experience is remembered

From this reading Pantagruel, very well remembering his father’s letter and admonitions, would one day make trial of his knowledge.

repastnoun

the food served and eaten at one time

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

reputedverbUS /rɪˈpjuːtɪd/

past form of “repute” — look on as or consider

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

sixtyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪksti/

being ten more than fifty

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

SorbonnenounUS /sɔːrˈbɑːn/

a university in Paris; intellectual center of France

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

StreetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

tailsnounUS /teɪlz/

formalwear consisting of full evening dress for men

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

theologiansnounUS /ˌθiːəˈloʊdʒənz/

plural of “theologian” — someone who is learned in theology or who speculates about theology

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

thereinadverbUS /ðeˈrɪn/

(formal) in or into that thing or place

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

Thereupon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

touchingadjectiveUS /ˈtʌtʃɪŋ/

arousing affect

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

trialnounUS /ˈtraɪəl/

the act of testing something

From this reading Pantagruel, very well remembering his father’s letter and admonitions, would one day make trial of his knowledge.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Thereupon, in all the carrefours, that is, throughout all the four quarters, streets, and corners of the city, he set up conclusions to the number of nine thousand seven hundred sixty and four, in all manner of learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any science.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading And first of all, in the Fodder Street he held dispute against all the regents or fellows of colleges, artists or masters of arts, and orators, and did so gallantly that he overthrew them and set them all upon their tails.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Pantagruel, very well remembering his father’s letter and admonitions, would one day make trial of his knowledge.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Pantagruel, very well remembering his father’s letter and admonitions, would one day make trial of his knowledge.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading He went afterwards to the Sorbonne, where he maintained argument against all the theologians or divines, for the space of six weeks, from four o’clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval of two hours to refresh themselves and take their repast.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

wonderfullyadverbUS /ˈwʌndərfəli/

(used as an intensifier) extremely well

From this reading How Pantagruel judged so equitably of a controversy, which was wonderfully obscure and difficult, that, by reason of his just decree therein, he was reputed to have a most admirable judgment.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Pantagruel, very well remembering his father’s letter and admonitions, would one day make trial of his knowledge.

Chapter 23 of Gargantua and Pantagruel by François Rabelais holds 498 sentences, grouped into 100 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Gargantua and Pantagruel contain?

Chapter 23 holds 498 sentences of Gargantua and Pantagruel, unabridged, divided into 100 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Gargantua and Pantagruel by François Rabelais exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 498 sentences, grouped into 100 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Gargantua and Pantagruel?

Work through the 100 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 100 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Gargantua and Pantagruel

Common questions about reading Gargantua and Pantagruel by François Rabelais on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 14178 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1200 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #1200, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gargantua and Pantagruel take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2836 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Gargantua and Pantagruel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Gargantua and Pantagruel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gargantua and Pantagruel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Conceits
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gargantua and Pantagruel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Found
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gargantua and Pantagruel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ancient
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gargantua and Pantagruel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Monument
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gargantua and Pantagruel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.