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Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1
Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 is here in full — 75 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
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How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.
When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.
Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.
The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.
By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 is here in full — 75 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.
Line 2
When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.
Line 3
Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.
Line 4
The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.
Line 5
By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alteration noun US /ˌɔːltərˈeɪʃən/

an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading “The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.”

cleansed verb US /klenzd/

past form of “cleanse” — clean one's body or parts thereof, as by washing

From this reading “The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.”

disciples noun US /dɪˈsaɪpəlz/

plural of “disciple” — someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another

From this reading “By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.”

instructed verb US /ˌɪnˈstrʌktəd/

past form of “instruct” — impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading “How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.”

musicians noun US /mjuːˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “musician” — someone who plays a musical instrument (as a profession)

From this reading “By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.”

perverse adjective US /pərˈvɜːrs/

marked by a disposition to oppose and contradict

From this reading “The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.”

purged verb US /pɜːrdʒd/

past form of “purge” — oust politically

From this reading “The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.”

vicious adjective US /ˈvɪʃəs/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading “When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

alterationnounUS /ˌɔːltərˈeɪʃən/

an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

Anticyrian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

brainnounUS /breɪn/

that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord

From this reading The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

canonicallyadverb

in a canonical manner

From this reading The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

cleansedverbUS /klenzd/

past form of “cleanse” — clean one's body or parts thereof, as by washing

From this reading The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.

consideringverbUS /kənˈsɪdərɪŋ/

-ing form of “consider” — deem to be

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

disciplesnounUS /dɪˈsaɪpəlz/

plural of “disciple” — someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another

From this reading By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

disciplinated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

endureverbUS /enˈdjʊr/

put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

forgetverbUS /fərˈɡet/

dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

Gargantuanoun

a voracious giant in Francois Rabelais' book of the same name

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

Gargantua's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

habitudenoun

habitual mode of behavior

From this reading The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

helleborenoun

perennial herbs of the lily family having thick toxic rhizomes

From this reading The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

instructedverbUS /ˌɪnˈstrʌktəd/

past form of “instruct” — impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

MasternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

medicinenounUS /ˈmedəsən/

the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques

From this reading The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.

musiciansnounUS /mjuːˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “musician” — someone who plays a musical instrument (as a profession)

From this reading By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

perpend

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

perverseadjectiveUS /pərˈvɜːrs/

marked by a disposition to oppose and contradict

From this reading The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.

physiciannounUS /fəˈzɪʃən/

a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

Ponocrates

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

preceptors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

purgedverbUS /pɜːrdʒd/

past form of “purge” — oust politically

From this reading The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.

requestedadjectiveUS /rɪˈkwestɪd/

asked for

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

resolvedadjectiveUS /riˈzɑːlvd/

determined

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.

seriouslyadverbUS /ˈsɪriəsli/

in a serious manner

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

suddenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌdən/

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

Theodorus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

ThereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

Timotheus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

viciousadjectiveUS /ˈvɪʃəs/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

violencenounUS /ˈvaɪələns/

an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists)

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The said physician purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, by which medicine he cleansed all the alteration and perverse habitude of his brain.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading By this means also Ponocrates made him forget all that he had learned under his ancient preceptors, as Timotheus did to his disciples, who had been instructed under other musicians.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading When Ponocrates knew Gargantua's vicious manner of living, he resolved to bring him up in another kind; but for a while he bore with him, considering that nature cannot endure a sudden change, without great violence.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Therefore, to begin his work the better, he requested a learned physician of that time, called Master Theodorus, seriously to perpend, if it were possible, how to bring Gargantua into a better course.

Chapter 16 of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 by François Rabelais holds 75 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 contain?

Chapter 16 holds 75 sentences of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 by François Rabelais exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 75 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1

Common questions about reading Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 by François Rabelais on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1?

Yes. All 1976 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8166 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8166, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 take to read?

About 164 minutes of reading across 396 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 section by section

How to work through Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Genealogy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Antiquity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gargantua
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Refer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.