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Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1
Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 is here in full — 80 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
How some statesmen of Picrochole, by hairbrained counsel, put him in extreme danger.
The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.
Be covered, be covered, said Picrochole.
Gramercy, said they, we do but our duty.
The manner is thus.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 is here in full — 80 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
How some statesmen of Picrochole, by hairbrained counsel, put him in extreme danger.
Line 2
The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.
Line 3
Be covered, be covered, said Picrochole.
Line 4
Gramercy, said they, we do but our duty.
Line 5
The manner is thus.
/ðə ˈmænər ɪz ðʌs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alexander noun US /ˌæləɡˈzændər/

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading “The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.”

cakes noun US /keɪks/

plural of “cake” — a block of solid substance (such as soap or wax)

From this reading “The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.”

carts noun US /kɑːrts/

plural of “cart” — a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal

From this reading “The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.”

happiest adjective US /ˈhæpiəst/

superlative of “happy” — enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading “The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.”

Macedonia noun US /ˌmæsəˈdoʊniə/

landlocked republic on the Balkan Peninsula; achieved independence from Yugoslavia in 1991

From this reading “The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.”

statesmen noun US /ˈsteɪtsmɪn/

plural of “statesman” — a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

From this reading “How some statesmen of Picrochole, by hairbrained counsel, put him in extreme danger.”

unloaded adjective US /ənˈloʊdɪd/

(of weapons) not charged with ammunition

From this reading “The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.”

warlike adjective US /ˈwɔːrlaɪk/

disposed to warfare or hard-line policies

From this reading “The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AlexandernounUS /ˌæləɡˈzændər/

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

Beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Be covered, be covered, said Picrochole.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Gramercy, said they, we do but our duty.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading How some statesmen of Picrochole, by hairbrained counsel, put him in extreme danger.

cakesnounUS /keɪks/

plural of “cake” — a block of solid substance (such as soap or wax)

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

CaptainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

cartsnounUS /kɑːrts/

plural of “cart” — a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

chivalrousadjective

being attentive to women like an ideal knight

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

counselnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a lawyer who pleads cases in court

From this reading How some statesmen of Picrochole, by hairbrained counsel, put him in extreme danger.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading Be covered, be covered, said Picrochole.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading How some statesmen of Picrochole, by hairbrained counsel, put him in extreme danger.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

Dirt-tail

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Gramercy, said they, we do but our duty.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Gramercy, said they, we do but our duty.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading How some statesmen of Picrochole, by hairbrained counsel, put him in extreme danger.

Gramercy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gramercy, said they, we do but our duty.

hairbrained

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How some statesmen of Picrochole, by hairbrained counsel, put him in extreme danger.

happiestadjectiveUS /ˈhæpiəst/

superlative of “happy” — enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading How some statesmen of Picrochole, by hairbrained counsel, put him in extreme danger.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How some statesmen of Picrochole, by hairbrained counsel, put him in extreme danger.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading How some statesmen of Picrochole, by hairbrained counsel, put him in extreme danger.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The manner is thus.

MacedonianounUS /ˌmæsəˈdoʊniə/

landlocked republic on the Balkan Peninsula; achieved independence from Yugoslavia in 1991

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The manner is thus.

Menuail

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

Merdaille

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading How some statesmen of Picrochole, by hairbrained counsel, put him in extreme danger.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Gramercy, said they, we do but our duty.

Picrochole

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How some statesmen of Picrochole, by hairbrained counsel, put him in extreme danger.

princenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading How some statesmen of Picrochole, by hairbrained counsel, put him in extreme danger.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

securedverbUS /sɪˈkjʊrd/

past form of “secure” — get by special effort

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

Smalltrash

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading How some statesmen of Picrochole, by hairbrained counsel, put him in extreme danger.

Spadassin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

statesmennounUS /ˈsteɪtsmɪn/

plural of “statesman” — a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

From this reading How some statesmen of Picrochole, by hairbrained counsel, put him in extreme danger.

Swashbucklernoun

a reckless impetuous irresponsible person

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Gramercy, said they, we do but our duty.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading The manner is thus.

unloadedadjectiveUS /ənˈloʊdɪd/

(of weapons) not charged with ammunition

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

untoprepositionUS /ˈʌntuː/

an old word for “to”

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

warlikeadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːrlaɪk/

disposed to warfare or hard-line policies

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The carts being unloaded, and the money and cakes secured, there came before Picrochole the Duke of Smalltrash, the Earl Swashbuckler, and Captain Dirt-tail (Menuail, Spadassin, Merdaille.), who said unto him, Sir, this day we make you the happiest, the most warlike and chivalrous prince that ever was since the death of Alexander of Macedonia.

Chapter 23 of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 by François Rabelais holds 80 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 contain?

Chapter 23 holds 80 sentences of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 by François Rabelais exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 80 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1

Common questions about reading Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 by François Rabelais on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1?

Yes. All 1976 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8166 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8166, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 take to read?

About 164 minutes of reading across 396 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 section by section

How to work through Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Genealogy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Antiquity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gargantua
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Refer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gargantua and Pantagruel, Illustrated, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.