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Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead
Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.
A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.
It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.
This ridge marked a curious division of the country, for on one side of it lay all the signs of cultivation of which this wind-swept parish could boast.
Here were villages, fertile fields, and wooded valleys; but beyond the rugged escarpment all was different.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.
Line 2
A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.
Line 3
It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.
Line 4
This ridge marked a curious division of the country, for on one side of it lay all the signs of cultivation of which this wind-swept parish could boast.
Line 5
Here were villages, fertile fields, and wooded valleys; but beyond the rugged escarpment all was different.
/hiːr wɜːr ˈvɪlədʒəz ˈfɜːrtəl fiːldz ənd ˈwʊdɪd ˈvæliz bʌt bɪˈɑːnd ðə ˈrʌɡəd eˈskɑːrpmənt ɔːl wɑːz ˈdɪfərənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

craggy adjective US /ˈkræɡi/

having hills and crags

From this reading “A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.”

erecting noun US /ɪˈrektɪŋ/

the act of building or putting up

From this reading “It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.”

escarpment noun US /eˈskɑːrpmənt/

a long steep slope or cliff at the edge of a plateau or ridge; usually formed by erosion

From this reading “Here were villages, fertile fields, and wooded valleys; but beyond the rugged escarpment all was different.”

fume verb US /fjuːm/

be mad, angry, or furious

From this reading “MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.”

lengthening noun US /ˈleŋθənɪŋ/

the act of prolonging something

From this reading “A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.”

seaward adjective US /ˈsiːwərd/

(of winds) coming from the land

From this reading “MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.”

spine noun US /spaɪn/

the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord

From this reading “It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.”

sward noun US /swɔːrd/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading “It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.”

All words in this reading · 116

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

abruptlyadverbUS /əˈbrʌptli/

quickly and without warning

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading This ridge marked a curious division of the country, for on one side of it lay all the signs of cultivation of which this wind-swept parish could boast.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

bathedverbUS /beɪðd/

past form of “bathe” — cleanse the entire body

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Here were villages, fertile fields, and wooded valleys; but beyond the rugged escarpment all was different.

boastverbUS /boʊst/

show off

From this reading This ridge marked a curious division of the country, for on one side of it lay all the signs of cultivation of which this wind-swept parish could boast.

boundarynounUS /ˈbaʊn.də.ri/

A line that marks the limits of an area.

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

breezenounUS /briːz/

a slight wind (usually refreshing)

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

burialnounUS /ˈberiəl/

the ritual placing of a corpse in a grave

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Here were villages, fertile fields, and wooded valleys; but beyond the rugged escarpment all was different.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

cliffsnounUS /klɪfs/

plural of “cliff” — a steep high face of rock

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

cooladjectiveUS /kuːl/

neither warm nor very cold; giving relief from heat

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading This ridge marked a curious division of the country, for on one side of it lay all the signs of cultivation of which this wind-swept parish could boast.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading This ridge marked a curious division of the country, for on one side of it lay all the signs of cultivation of which this wind-swept parish could boast.

craggyadjectiveUS /ˈkræɡi/

having hills and crags

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

crestnounUS /krest/

the top line of a hill, mountain, or wave

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

Cribserth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

cultivationnounUS /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/

socialization through training and education to develop one's mind or manners

From this reading This ridge marked a curious division of the country, for on one side of it lay all the signs of cultivation of which this wind-swept parish could boast.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading This ridge marked a curious division of the country, for on one side of it lay all the signs of cultivation of which this wind-swept parish could boast.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Here were villages, fertile fields, and wooded valleys; but beyond the rugged escarpment all was different.

divisionnounUS /dɪˈvɪʒən/

an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading This ridge marked a curious division of the country, for on one side of it lay all the signs of cultivation of which this wind-swept parish could boast.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

erectingnounUS /ɪˈrektɪŋ/

the act of building or putting up

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

escarpmentnounUS /eˈskɑːrpmənt/

a long steep slope or cliff at the edge of a plateau or ridge; usually formed by erosion

From this reading Here were villages, fertile fields, and wooded valleys; but beyond the rugged escarpment all was different.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

farmverbUS /fɑːrm/

be a farmer; work as a farmer

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

fertileadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading Here were villages, fertile fields, and wooded valleys; but beyond the rugged escarpment all was different.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading Here were villages, fertile fields, and wooded valleys; but beyond the rugged escarpment all was different.

flushedadjectiveUS /flʌʃt/

having the pinkish flush of health

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This ridge marked a curious division of the country, for on one side of it lay all the signs of cultivation of which this wind-swept parish could boast.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

fumeverbUS /fjuːm/

be mad, angry, or furious

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

Garthowen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here were villages, fertile fields, and wooded valleys; but beyond the rugged escarpment all was different.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

kitchennounUS /ˈkɪtʃən/

a room equipped for preparing meals

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading This ridge marked a curious division of the country, for on one side of it lay all the signs of cultivation of which this wind-swept parish could boast.

lengtheningnounUS /ˈleŋθənɪŋ/

the act of prolonging something

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading This ridge marked a curious division of the country, for on one side of it lay all the signs of cultivation of which this wind-swept parish could boast.

monsternounUS /ˈmɑːnstər/

an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

MOORverbUS /mʊr/

secure in or as if in a berth or dock

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

MORVA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading This ridge marked a curious division of the country, for on one side of it lay all the signs of cultivation of which this wind-swept parish could boast.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

parishnounUS /ˈpærɪʃ/

a local church community

From this reading This ridge marked a curious division of the country, for on one side of it lay all the signs of cultivation of which this wind-swept parish could boast.

pasturagenoun

succulent herbaceous vegetation of pasture land

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

pathnounUS /pæθ/

a course of conduct

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

ridgenounUS /rɪdʒ/

a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

ruggedadjectiveUS /ˈrʌɡəd/

sturdy and strong in constitution or construction; enduring

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

seawardadjectiveUS /ˈsiːwərd/

(of winds) coming from the land

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading This ridge marked a curious division of the country, for on one side of it lay all the signs of cultivation of which this wind-swept parish could boast.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

soothingadjectiveUS /ˈsuːðɪŋ/

affording physical relief

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

spinenounUS /spaɪn/

the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

strugglingadjectiveUS /ˈstrʌɡəlɪŋ/

engaged in a struggle to overcome especially poverty or obscurity

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

succeedingadjectiveUS /səkˈsiːdɪŋ/

coming after or following

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

swardnounUS /swɔːrd/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

tempernounUS /ˈtempər/

a sudden outburst of anger

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This ridge marked a curious division of the country, for on one side of it lay all the signs of cultivation of which this wind-swept parish could boast.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading A craggy hill on the opposite side of the valley cast its lengthening shadow on his path until he reached the Cribserth, a ridge of rocks which ran down the mountain side on the Garthowen land.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

valleysnounUS /ˈvæliz/

plural of “valley” — a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading Here were villages, fertile fields, and wooded valleys; but beyond the rugged escarpment all was different.

villagesnounUS /ˈvɪlədʒəz/

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Here were villages, fertile fields, and wooded valleys; but beyond the rugged escarpment all was different.

wanderedverbUS /ˈwɑːndərd/

past form of “wander” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Here were villages, fertile fields, and wooded valleys; but beyond the rugged escarpment all was different.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

Willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

wind-swept

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ridge marked a curious division of the country, for on one side of it lay all the signs of cultivation of which this wind-swept parish could boast.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading MORVA OF THE MOOR When Will had reached the door of the farm kitchen in a fume of hot temper, the cool sea breeze coming up the valley had bathed his flushed face with so soothing an influence that he had turned towards it and wandered away to the cliffs which made the seaward boundary of the farm.

woodedadjectiveUS /ˈwʊdɪd/

covered with growing trees and bushes etc

From this reading Here were villages, fertile fields, and wooded valleys; but beyond the rugged escarpment all was different.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading It rose abruptly from the mountain pasturage, as though some monster of the early world were struggling to rise once more from its burial of ages, succeeding only in erecting its rugged spine and crest through the green sward.

Chapter 2 of Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead by Allen Raine holds 135 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead contain?

Chapter 2 holds 135 sentences of Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead by Allen Raine exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 135 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead

Common questions about reading Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead by Allen Raine on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead?

Yes. All 3998 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18778 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18778, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead take to read?

About 333 minutes of reading across 800 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead section by section

How to work through Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 23 chapters of Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead

Words and structures a reader meets early in Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Along
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Slope
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Brown
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Turned
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Garthowen: A Story of a Welsh Homestead; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.