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George Borrow: The Man and His Books
George Borrow: The Man and His Books

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of George Borrow: The Man and His Books is here in full — 156 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for George Borrow: The Man and His Books
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In such scenes, naturally, Borrow placed nothing common and nothing mean.
He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.
The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.
If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.
The day after his interview with the archbishop he had a visit from Benedict Mol.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

George Borrow: The Man and His Books

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of George Borrow: The Man and His Books is here in full — 156 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In such scenes, naturally, Borrow placed nothing common and nothing mean.
/ɪn sʌtʃ siːnz ˈnætʃərəli ˈbɑːroʊ pleɪst ˈnʌθɪŋ ˈkɑːmən ənd ˈnʌθɪŋ miːn/
Line 2
He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.
/hiː mʌst hæv ə ˈmædmæn əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈruːənz ɔːr baɪ ə puːl ə ˈpezənt ˈwʊmən ˈsɪtɪŋ huː hæz bɪn mæd ˈevər sɪns hɜːr tʃaɪld wɑːz draʊnd ðer ɔːr ə mjuːl ənd ə ˈstæljən ˈfaɪtɪŋ wɪð hʊfs ənd tiːθ/
Line 3
The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.
Line 4
If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.
Line 5
The day after his interview with the archbishop he had a visit from Benedict Mol.
/ðə deɪ ˈæftər hɪz ˈɪntərvjuː wɪð ðə ˈɑːrtʃˈbɪʃəp hiː hæd ə ˈvɪzɪt frʌm ˈbenədɪkt mɔːl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amethyst noun US /ˈæmɪθɪst/

a transparent purple variety of quartz; used as a gemstone

From this reading “If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.”

askance adverb US /əˈskæns/

with suspicion or disapproval

From this reading “The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.”

Benedict noun US /ˈbenədɪkt/

United States anthropologist (1887-1948)

From this reading “The day after his interview with the archbishop he had a visit from Benedict Mol.”

cassock noun US /ˈkæsək/

a black garment reaching down to the ankles; worn by priests or choristers

From this reading “If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.”

emaciated adjective US /ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading “If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.”

Mol noun US /mɔːl/

the molecular weight of a substance expressed in grams; the basic unit of amount of substance adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading “The day after his interview with the archbishop he had a visit from Benedict Mol.”

stallion noun US /ˈstæljən/

uncastrated adult male horse

From this reading “He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.”

Tartar noun US /ˈtɑːrtər/

a salt used especially in baking powder

From this reading “If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.”

All words in this reading · 118

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

acquaintancenounUS /əˈkweɪntəns/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The day after his interview with the archbishop he had a visit from Benedict Mol.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

amethystnounUS /ˈæmɪθɪst/

a transparent purple variety of quartz; used as a gemstone

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In such scenes, naturally, Borrow placed nothing common and nothing mean.

archbishopnounUS /ˈɑːrtʃˈbɪʃəp/

a bishop of highest rank

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

askanceadverbUS /əˈskæns/

with suspicion or disapproval

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

belongingnounUS /bɪˈlɔːŋɪŋ/

happiness felt in a secure relationship

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

BenedictnounUS /ˈbenədɪkt/

United States anthropologist (1887-1948)

From this reading The day after his interview with the archbishop he had a visit from Benedict Mol.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

BorrowverbUS /ˈbɑːroʊ/

get temporarily

From this reading In such scenes, naturally, Borrow placed nothing common and nothing mean.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

capnounUS /kæp/

a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

cassocknounUS /ˈkæsək/

a black garment reaching down to the ankles; worn by priests or choristers

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

clergynounUS /ˈklɜːrdʒi/

in Christianity, clergymen collectively (as distinguished from the laity)

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

cloaks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

CollegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading In such scenes, naturally, Borrow placed nothing common and nothing mean.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The day after his interview with the archbishop he had a visit from Benedict Mol.

dazzlingadjectiveUS /ˈdæzəlɪŋ/

amazingly impressive; suggestive of the flashing of lightning

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

directionsnounUS /dərˈekʃənz/

plural of “direction” — a line leading to a place or point

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

drownedverbUS /draʊnd/

past form of “drown” — cover completely or make imperceptible

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

ElizabethnounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/

daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

emaciatedadjectiveUS /ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

feebleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːbəl/

pathetically lacking in force or effectiveness

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

fineradjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnər/

(comparative of “fine”) greater in quality or excellence

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

fingerverbUS /ˈfɪŋɡər/

feel or handle with the fingers

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The day after his interview with the archbishop he had a visit from Benedict Mol.

glaredverbUS /ɡlerd/

past form of “glare” — look at with a fixed gaze

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

grimalkins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

groupsnounUS /ɡruːps/

plural of “group” — any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The day after his interview with the archbishop he had a visit from Benedict Mol.

half-foreign

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

hatsnounUS /hæts/

plural of “hat” — headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

hoofsnounUS /hʊfs/

plural of “hoof” — the foot of an ungulate mammal

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In such scenes, naturally, Borrow placed nothing common and nothing mean.

interviewverbUS /ˈɪntərvjuː/

conduct an interview in television, newspaper, and radio reporting

From this reading The day after his interview with the archbishop he had a visit from Benedict Mol.

KhannounUS /kɑːn/

a title given to rulers or other important people in Asian countries

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

lustrenounUS /ˈlʌstər/

a surface coating for ceramics or porcelain

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

madadjectiveUS /mæd/

roused to anger

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

madmannounUS /ˈmædmæn/

an insane person

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading In such scenes, naturally, Borrow placed nothing common and nothing mean.

MolnounUS /mɔːl/

the molecular weight of a substance expressed in grams; the basic unit of amount of substance adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The day after his interview with the archbishop he had a visit from Benedict Mol.

mulenounUS /mjuːl/

hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse; usually sterile

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading In such scenes, naturally, Borrow placed nothing common and nothing mean.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading In such scenes, naturally, Borrow placed nothing common and nothing mean.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

paintedadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

peasantnounUS /ˈpezənt/

a country person

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

persecutionnounUS /ˌpɜːrsəˈkjuːʃən/

the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion)

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading In such scenes, naturally, Borrow placed nothing common and nothing mean.

plainlyadverbUS /ˈpleɪnli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

poolnounUS /puːl/

an excavation that is (usually) filled with water

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

priestsnounUS /priːsts/

plural of “priest” — a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

ruinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

Salamanca

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

scenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading In such scenes, naturally, Borrow placed nothing common and nothing mean.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

shovelnounUS /ˈʃʌvəl/

a hand tool for lifting loose material; consists of a curved container or scoop and a handle

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

silkenadjectiveUS /ˈsɪlkən/

having a smooth, gleaming surface reflecting light

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

smilingnounUS /ˈsmaɪlɪŋ/

a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

stallionnounUS /ˈstæljən/

uncastrated adult male horse

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

stealthyadjectiveUS /ˈstelθi/

marked by quiet and caution and secrecy; taking pains to avoid being observed

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

stoopingadjectiveUS /ˈstuːpɪŋ/

having the back and shoulders rounded; not erect

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading In such scenes, naturally, Borrow placed nothing common and nothing mean.

superbadjectiveUS /sʊˈpɜːrb/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

TartarnounUS /ˈtɑːrtər/

a salt used especially in baking powder

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

teethnounUS /tiːθ/

the kind and number and arrangement of teeth (collectively) in a person or animal

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

traversedverbUS /ˈtrævərst/

past form of “traverse” — travel across or pass over

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

uglyadjectiveUS /ˈʌɡli/

displeasing to the senses

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading If he painted an archbishop plainly dressed in black cassock and silken cap, stooping, feeble, pale and emaciated, he set upon his finger a superb amethyst of a dazzling lustre--Borrow never saw a finer, except one belonging to an acquaintance of his own, a Tartar Khan.

Valladolid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading The day after his interview with the archbishop he had a visit from Benedict Mol.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

whisperingnounUS /ˈwɪspərɪŋ/

a light noise, like the noise of silk clothing or leaves blowing in the wind

From this reading The clergy, in their ugly shovel hats and long cloaks, glared at him askance as he passed by their whispering groups in Salamanca: at the English College in Valladolid, he thought of "those pale, smiling, half-foreign priests who, like stealthy grimalkins, traversed green England in all directions" under the persecution of Elizabeth.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading He must have a madman among the ruins, or by a pool a peasant woman sitting, who has been mad ever since her child was drowned there, or a mule and a stallion fighting with hoofs and teeth.

Chapter 22 of George Borrow: The Man and His Books by Edward Thomas holds 156 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of George Borrow: The Man and His Books contain?

Chapter 22 holds 156 sentences of George Borrow: The Man and His Books, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of George Borrow: The Man and His Books by Edward Thomas exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 156 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of George Borrow: The Man and His Books?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Words and structures a reader meets early in George Borrow: The Man and His Books, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

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Chapter 3
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