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George Borrow
George Borrow

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of George Borrow is here in full — 161 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for George Borrow
Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.
Pepys died in the early summer of 1703; Borrow was born in July, 1803.
Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.
The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.
Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

George Borrow

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of George Borrow is here in full — 161 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.
Line 2
Pepys died in the early summer of 1703; Borrow was born in July, 1803.
Line 3
Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.
Line 4
The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.
/ðə ˌrepjəˈteɪʃən ʌv iːtʃ ʌv ðem hæz ˈrɪzən tuː sʌtʃ ə pɔɪnt ðæt ɪkˈsept fɔːr ˌɪndʒʌˈdɪʃəs ənd ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪtəd preɪz ɪt kæn hæv ˈlɪtəl tuː fɪr ɪn ðə ˈfjuːtʃər ənd ɪn iːtʃ keɪs ðɪs ˌrepjəˈteɪʃən ɪz beɪst praɪˈmerəli əˈpɑːn ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɑːɡrəfi/
Line 5
Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

autobiography noun US /ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

a biography of yourself

From this reading “The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.”

celebrating verb US /ˈseləbreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “celebrate” — behave as expected during of holidays or rites

From this reading “It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.”

Cellini noun US /tʃeˈliːni/

Italian sculptor (1500-1571)

From this reading “Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.”

dui noun US /ˈdiːˈjuːˈaɪ/

plural of “duo” — two items of the same kind

injudicious adjective US /ˌɪndʒʌˈdɪʃəs/

lacking or showing lack of judgment or discretion; unwise

From this reading “The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.”

primarily adverb US /praɪˈmerəli/

for the most part

From this reading “The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.”

Rousseau noun US /ruːˈsoʊ/

French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society; ideas influenced the French Revolution (1712-1778)

From this reading “Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.”

truthfulness noun US /ˈtruːθfəlnəs/

the quality of being truthful

From this reading “Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

singular coincidence adjective + noun

In this reading “It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.”

early summer adjective + noun

In this reading “Pepys died in the early summer of 1703; Borrow was born in July, 1803.”

feel sure verb + adjective

In this reading “Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.”

at the top preposition + article + noun counted as “at … top”

In this reading “Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1703

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pepys died in the early summer of 1703; Borrow was born in July, 1803.

1803

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pepys died in the early summer of 1703; Borrow was born in July, 1803.

213

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

AmongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

AugustinenounUS /ˈɑːɡəstiːn/

(Roman Catholic Church) one of the great Fathers of the early Christian church; after a dramatic conversion to Christianity he became bishop of Hippo Regius in North Africa; St. Augustine emphasized man's need for grace (354-430)

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

autobiographers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

autobiographynounUS /ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

a biography of yourself

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

bnounUS /biː/

aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

basedadjectiveUS /beɪst/

having a base

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading Pepys died in the early summer of 1703; Borrow was born in July, 1803.

BorrowverbUS /ˈbɑːroʊ/

get temporarily

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

celebratingverbUS /ˈseləbreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “celebrate” — behave as expected during of holidays or rites

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

CellininounUS /tʃeˈliːni/

Italian sculptor (1500-1571)

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

centenaries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

coincidencenounUS /koʊˈɪnsɪdəns/

an event that might have been arranged although it was really accidental

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Pepys died in the early summer of 1703; Borrow was born in July, 1803.

duinounUS /ˈdiːˈjuːˈaɪ/

plural of “duo” — two items of the same kind

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Pepys died in the early summer of 1703; Borrow was born in July, 1803.

entitledadjectiveUS /enˈtaɪtəld/

qualified for by right according to law

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

estimatenounUS /ˈestəmət/

an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

exaggeratedadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪtəd/

represented as greater than is true or reasonable

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

FranklinnounUS /ˈfræŋklɪn/

United States historian noted for studies of Black American history (born in 1915)

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Pepys died in the early summer of 1703; Borrow was born in July, 1803.

injudiciousadjectiveUS /ˌɪndʒʌˈdɪʃəs/

lacking or showing lack of judgment or discretion; unwise

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading Pepys died in the early summer of 1703; Borrow was born in July, 1803.

Lavengro

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

palor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

Pepysnoun

English diarist whose diary contained detailed descriptions of 17th century disasters in England (1633-1703)

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

praisenounUS /preɪz/

an expression of approval and commendation

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

primarilyadverbUS /praɪˈmerəli/

for the most part

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

probableadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːbəbəl/

likely but not certain to be or become true or real

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

properlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːpərli/

in the right manner; correctly; suitably

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

reputationnounUS /ˌrepjəˈteɪʃən/

the state of being held in high esteem and honor

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

risenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪzən/

(of e.g. celestial bodies) above the horizon

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

RousseaunounUS /ruːˈsoʊ/

French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society; ideas influenced the French Revolution (1712-1778)

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

SamuelnounUS /ˈsæmjuːl/

(Old Testament) Hebrew prophet and judge who anointed Saul as king

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

singularadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡjələr/

unusual or striking

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

truthfulnessnounUS /ˈtruːθfəlnəs/

the quality of being truthful

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

UnlikeadjectiveUS /ənˈlaɪk/

marked by dissimilarity

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The reputation of each of them has risen to such a point that, except for injudicious and exaggerated praise, it can have little to fear in the future; and in each case this reputation is based primarily upon autobiography.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Pepys died in the early summer of 1703; Borrow was born in July, 1803.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading It is a singular coincidence, perhaps, that during one and the same summer we should be celebrating centenaries of Samuel Pepys and George Borrow.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

world'snounUS /wɜːrldz/

possessive form of “world” — everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Among the world’s autobiographers the author of “Lavengro” is entitled, we feel sure, to rank with St. Augustine, Cellini, Pepys, Rousseau, Franklin; and, for truthfulness, it is very probable, if we could only estimate it properly, that he would have to be put at the top of the class.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Unlike each other in almost every respect, they are _dui palor_, {213b} as Borrow would say, in one very material point.

Chapter 1 of George Borrow by Thomas Seccombe holds 161 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of George Borrow contain?

Chapter 1 holds 161 sentences of George Borrow, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of George Borrow by Thomas Seccombe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 161 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of George Borrow?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading George Borrow

Common questions about reading George Borrow by Thomas Seccombe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of George Borrow?

Yes. All 161 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30887 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of George Borrow is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30887, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does George Borrow take to read?

About 13 minutes of reading across 33 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read George Borrow section by section

How to work through George Borrow section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of George Borrow to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in George Borrow

Words and structures a reader meets early in George Borrow, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Singular
A word that appears in the opening chapter of George Borrow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Coincidence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of George Borrow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Perhaps
A word that appears in the opening chapter of George Borrow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
During
A word that appears in the opening chapter of George Borrow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.