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George Bowring
George Bowring

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of George Bowring is here in full — 71 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for George Bowring
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.
The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.
George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.
I was his elder by half a year, and sapped very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.
At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

George Bowring

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of George Bowring is here in full — 71 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.
/wen aɪ wɑːz ə jʌŋ mæn ənd fʊl ʌv ˈspɪrɪts sʌm ˈfɔːrti jɪrz əˈɡoʊ ɔːr mɔːr aɪ lɔːst maɪ best ənd ˈtruːɪst frend ɪn ə ˈveri sæd ənd mɪˈstɪriəs weɪ/
Line 2
The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.
/ðə ˈɡreɪtər pɑːrt ʌv maɪ laɪf hæz bɪn ˈdɑːrkənd baɪ ðɪs ˈhevi bloʊ ənd lɔːs ənd ðə bleɪm wɪtʃ aɪ pɔːrd əˈpɑːn ˌmaɪˈself fɔːr maɪ oʊn ʃer ɪn ðə ˈmætər/
Line 3
George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.
Line 4
I was his elder by half a year, andsappedvery hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.
Line 5
At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ability noun US /əˈbɪlətiː/

the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment

From this reading “I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.”

darkened adjective US /ˈdɑːrkənd/

(of fabrics and paper) grown dark in color over time

From this reading “The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.”

endowed adjective US /enˈdaʊd/

provided or supplied or equipped with (especially as by inheritance or nature)

From this reading “I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.”

sapped verb US /sæpt/

inflected form of “sap” — deplete

From this reading “I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.”

scholarship noun US /ˈskɑːlərʃɪp/

financial aid provided to a student on the basis of academic merit

From this reading “At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.”

trod verb US /trɑːd/

inflected form of “tread” — put down or press the foot, place the foot

From this reading “George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.”

truest adjective US /ˈtruːɪst/

superlative of “true” — consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading “When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.”

universities noun US /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsətiz/

plural of “university” — the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading “At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

abilitynounUS /əˈbɪlətiː/

the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

acknowledgedadjectiveUS /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒd/

recognized or made known or admitted

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

blameverbUS /bleɪm/

put or pin the blame on

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

blowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.

Bowring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

captainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

concernedadjectiveUS /kənˈsɜːrnd/

feeling or showing worry or solicitude

From this reading At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.

darkenedadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːrkənd/

(of fabrics and paper) grown dark in color over time

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

eldernounUS /ˈeldər/

a person who is older than you are

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

endowedadjectiveUS /enˈdaʊd/

provided or supplied or equipped with (especially as by inheritance or nature)

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

fortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

glanceverbUS /ɡlæns/

throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

heelsnounUS /hiːlz/

plural of “heel” — the bottom of a shoe or boot; the back part of a shoe or boot that touches the ground and provides elevation

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

labouredadjective

lacking natural ease

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

mysteriousadjectiveUS /mɪˈstɪriəs/

of an obscure nature

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

pouredverbUS /pɔːrd/

past form of “pour” — cause to run

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

pureadjectiveUS /pjʊr/

free of extraneous elements of any kind

From this reading At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.

sadadjectiveUS /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

Salop

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.

sappedverbUS /sæpt/

inflected form of “sap” — deplete

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

scholarshipnounUS /ˈskɑːlərʃɪp/

financial aid provided to a student on the basis of academic merit

From this reading At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

shareverbUS /ʃer/

have in common

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

Shrewsbury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

trodverbUS /trɑːd/

inflected form of “tread” — put down or press the foot, place the foot

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

truestadjectiveUS /ˈtruːɪst/

superlative of “true” — consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

universitiesnounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsətiz/

plural of “university” — the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading At that time we of Salop always expected to carry everything, so far as pure scholarship was concerned, at both the universities.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The greater part of my life has been darkened by this heavy blow and loss, and the blame which I poured upon myself for my own share in the matter.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading George Bowring had been seven years with me at the fine old school of Shrewsbury, and trod on my heels from form to form so closely that, when I became at last the captain of the school, he was second to me.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading I was his elder by half a year, and “sapped” very hard, while he laboured little; so that it will be plain at a glance, although he never acknowledged it, that he was the better endowed of the two with natural ability.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading When I was a young man, and full of spirits, some forty years ago or more, I lost my best and truest friend in a very sad and mysterious way.

Chapter 1 of George Bowring by R. D. (Richard Doddridge) Blackmore holds 71 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of George Bowring contain?

Chapter 1 holds 71 sentences of George Bowring, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of George Bowring by R. D. (Richard Doddridge) Blackmore exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 71 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of George Bowring?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading George Bowring

Common questions about reading George Bowring by R. D. (Richard Doddridge) Blackmore on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of George Bowring?

Yes. All 416 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #22317 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of George Bowring is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #22317, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does George Bowring take to read?

About 34 minutes of reading across 84 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read George Bowring section by section

How to work through George Bowring section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of George Bowring to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in George Bowring

Words and structures a reader meets early in George Bowring, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of George Bowring; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spirits
A word that appears in the opening chapter of George Bowring; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Forty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of George Bowring; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of George Bowring; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.