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George Eliot
George Eliot

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of George Eliot is here in full — 611 sentences across 123 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/122 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.
What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.
The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.
As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.
The historical conditions of society may be compared with those of language.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

George Eliot

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of George Eliot is here in full — 611 sentences across 123 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/122 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.
/hiː siːz ɪn ˌjʊrəˈpiːən səˈsaɪəti ˌɪnˈkɑːrnət ˈhɪstəri ənd ˈeni əˈtempt tuː dɪsɪnˈɡeɪdʒ ɪt frʌm ɪts hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl ˈeləmənts mʌst hiː bɪˈliːvz biː ˈsɪmpli dɪˈstrʌkʃən ʌv ˈsoʊʃəl vaɪˈtæləti/
Line 2
What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.
/wʌt hæz ɡroʊn ʌp hɪˈstɔːrɪkəli kæn ˈoʊnli daɪ aʊt hɪˈstɔːrɪkəli baɪ ðə ˈɡrædʒuːəl ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃən ʌv ˈnesəseri lɔːz/
Line 3
The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.
Line 4
As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.
/æz ə ˈnesəseri prɪˈlɪməneri tuː ə ˈpjʊrli ˈræʃ.ən.əl səˈsaɪəti juː mʌst əbˈteɪn ˈpjʊrli ˈræʃ.ən.əl men friː frʌm ðə swiːt ənd ˈbɪtər ˈpredʒədɪsɪz ʌv hərˈedəteri əˈfekʃən ənd ænˈtɪpəθi wɪtʃ ɪz æz ˈiːzi æz tuː ɡet ˈrʌnɪŋ striːmz wɪˈθaʊt sprɪŋz ɔːr ðə ˈliːfi ʃeɪd ʌv ðə ˈfɔːrəst wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈsekjələr ɡroʊθ ʌv trʌŋk ənd bræntʃ/
Line 5
The historical conditions of society may be compared with those of language.
/ðə hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl kənˈdɪʃənz ʌv səˈsaɪəti meɪ biː kəmˈperd wɪð ðoʊz ʌv ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

antipathy noun US /ænˈtɪpəθi/

a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading “As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.”

disengage verb US /dɪsɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/

release from something that holds fast, connects, or entangles

From this reading “He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.”

historically adverb US /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəli/

throughout history

From this reading “What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.”

incarnate verb US /ˌɪnˈkɑːrnət/

make concrete and real

leafy adjective US /ˈliːfi/

having or covered with leaves

From this reading “As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.”

manifestation noun US /ˌmænəfeˈsteɪʃən/

a clear appearance

From this reading “The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.”

organism noun US /ˈɔːrɡənɪzəm/

a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently

From this reading “The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.”

secular adjective US /ˈsekjələr/

of or relating to the doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations

From this reading “As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

running streams adjective + noun counted as “running stream”

In this reading “As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.”

compared with verb + particle counted as “compare with”

In this reading “The historical conditions of society may be compared with those of language.”

free from verb + particle

In this reading “As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.”

take place verb + noun

come to pass

In this reading “The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.”

any attempt adjective + noun

In this reading “He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.”

die out verb + adjective

become extinct

In this reading “What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

affectionnounUS /əˈfekʃən/

a positive feeling of liking

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

antipathynounUS /ænˈtɪpəθi/

a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

beingsnounUS /ˈbiːɪŋz/

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

believesverbUS /bɪˈliːvz/

third-person singular of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

branchnounUS /bræntʃ/

a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.

comparedverbUS /kəmˈperd/

past form of “compare” — examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading The historical conditions of society may be compared with those of language.

composeverbUS /kəmˈpoʊz/

form the substance of

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

consentaneousadjective

in complete agreement

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

destructionnounUS /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/

the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

dieverbUS /daɪ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.

disengageverbUS /dɪsɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/

release from something that holds fast, connects, or entangles

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

elementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

EuropeannounUS /ˌjʊrəˈpiːən/

a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

externaladjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

gradualadjectiveUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəl/

proceeding in small stages

From this reading What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

hereditaryadjectiveUS /hərˈedəteri/

occurring among members of a family usually by heredity

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

historicaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

historicallyadverbUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəli/

throughout history

From this reading What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

incarnateverbUS /ˌɪnˈkɑːrnət/

make concrete and real

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

inheritedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈherətɪd/

occurring among members of a family usually by heredity

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

internaladjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located within some limits or especially surface

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading The historical conditions of society may be compared with those of language.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.

leafyadjectiveUS /ˈliːfi/

having or covered with leaves

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

manifestationnounUS /ˌmænəfeˈsteɪʃən/

a clear appearance

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The historical conditions of society may be compared with those of language.

mediumnounUS /ˈmiːdiəm/

a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.

obtainverbUS /əbˈteɪn/

come into possession of

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.

operationnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃən/

the state of being in effect or being operative

From this reading What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

organismnounUS /ˈɔːrɡənɪzəm/

a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

prejudicesnounUS /ˈpredʒədɪsɪz/

plural of “prejudice” — a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

preliminaryadjectiveUS /prɪˈlɪməneri/

denoting an action or event preceding or in preparation for something more important

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

purelyadverbUS /ˈpjʊrli/

restricted to something

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

rationaladjectiveUS /ˈræʃ.ən.əl/

Based on or in accordance with reason or logic rather than turbulent emotions.

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

relatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈleɪtɪd/

being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

secularadjectiveUS /ˈsekjələr/

of or relating to the doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

seesnounUS /siːz/

plural of “see” — the seat within a bishop's diocese where his cathedral is located

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

shadenounUS /ʃeɪd/

relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

springsnounUS /sprɪŋz/

plural of “spring” — the season of growth

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

streamsnounUS /striːmz/

plural of “stream” — a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

sweetadjectiveUS /swiːt/

having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The historical conditions of society may be compared with those of language.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

trunknounUS /trʌŋk/

the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.

vitalitynounUS /vaɪˈtæləti/

an energetic style

From this reading He sees in European society _incarnate history_, and any attempt to disengage it from its historical elements must, he believes, be simply destruction of social vitality.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What has grown up historically can only die out historically, by the gradual operation of necessary laws.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The historical conditions of society may be compared with those of language.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading As a necessary preliminary to a purely rational society, you must obtain purely rational men, free from the sweet and bitter prejudices of hereditary affection and antipathy; which is as easy as to get running streams without springs, or the leafy shade of the forest without the secular growth of trunk and branch.

Chapter 7 of George Eliot by George Willis Cooke holds 611 sentences, grouped into 123 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of George Eliot contain?

Chapter 7 holds 611 sentences of George Eliot, unabridged, divided into 123 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of George Eliot by George Willis Cooke exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 611 sentences, grouped into 123 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 123 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 123 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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