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George Eliot
George Eliot

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of George Eliot is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.
He says to her,-- We must bury our dead joys, And live above them with a living world.
Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.
There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.
The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

George Eliot

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of George Eliot is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.
Line 2
He says to her,-- We must bury our dead joys, And live above them with a living world.
/hiː sez tuː hɜːr wiː mʌst ˈberi ˈaʊər ded dʒɔɪz ənd laɪv əˈbʌv ðem wɪð ə ˈlɪvɪŋ wɜːrld/
Line 3
Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.
Line 4
There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.
Line 5
The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

altruism noun US /ˈæltruːɪzəm/

the quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others

From this reading “There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.”

attribute noun US /ˈætrəbjuːt/

a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished

From this reading “The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.”

Eliot's noun US /ˈeliəts/

possessive form of “eliot” — British poet (born in the United States) who won the Nobel prize for literature; his plays are outstanding examples of modern verse drama (1888-1965)

From this reading “The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.”

Graf noun US /ɡræf/

German tennis player who won seven women's singles titles at Wimbledon (born in 1969)

From this reading “The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.”

learns verb US /lɜːrnz/

third-person singular of “learn” — gain knowledge or skills

From this reading “Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.”

Leo noun US /ˈliːoʊ/

(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Leo

From this reading “Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.”

sovereignty noun US /ˈsɑːvrənti/

government free from external control

From this reading “The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.”

wedded adjective US /ˈwedɪd/

having been taken in marriage

From this reading “There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

distinct ideas adjective + noun counted as “distinct idea”

In this reading “There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.”

for the sake preposition + article + noun counted as “for … sake”

In this reading “Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.”

learns from verb + particle counted as “learn from”

In this reading “Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.”

own thought verb + noun

In this reading “The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.”

All words in this reading · 115

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He says to her,-- We must bury our dead joys, And live above them with a living world.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading He says to her,-- We must bury our dead joys, And live above them with a living world.

affectionnounUS /əˈfekʃən/

a positive feeling of liking

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

altruismnounUS /ˈæltruːɪzəm/

the quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

ambitiousadjectiveUS /æmˈbɪʃəs/

having a strong desire for success or achievement

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

Armgart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

Armgart's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

artisticadjectiveUS /ɑːrˈtɪstɪk/

relating to or characteristic of art or artists

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

attributenounUS /ˈætrəbjuːt/

a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

buryverbUS /ˈberi/

cover from sight

From this reading He says to her,-- We must bury our dead joys, And live above them with a living world.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading He says to her,-- We must bury our dead joys, And live above them with a living world.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

Eliot'snounUS /ˈeliəts/

possessive form of “eliot” — British poet (born in the United States) who won the Nobel prize for literature; his plays are outstanding examples of modern verse drama (1888-1965)

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

GrafnounUS /ɡræf/

German tennis player who won seven women's singles titles at Wimbledon (born in 1969)

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

guidedadjectiveUS /ˈɡaɪdəd/

subject to guidance or control especially after launching

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

humanitynounUS /hjuːˈmænɪti/

the quality of being humane

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

ideasnounUS /aɪˈdiːəz/

plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

joysnounUS /dʒɔɪz/

plural of “joy” — the emotion of great happiness

From this reading He says to her,-- We must bury our dead joys, And live above them with a living world.

learnsverbUS /lɜːrnz/

third-person singular of “learn” — gain knowledge or skills

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

LeonounUS /ˈliːoʊ/

(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Leo

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading He says to her,-- We must bury our dead joys, And live above them with a living world.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading He says to her,-- We must bury our dead joys, And live above them with a living world.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

musicnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪk/

an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading He says to her,-- We must bury our dead joys, And live above them with a living world.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading He says to her,-- We must bury our dead joys, And live above them with a living world.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

poemnounUS /ˈpoʊəm/

a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

privilegenounUS /ˈprɪvlədʒ/

a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

sakenounUS /seɪk/

a reason for wanting something done

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading He says to her,-- We must bury our dead joys, And live above them with a living world.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

sovereigntynounUS /ˈsɑːvrənti/

government free from external control

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading He says to her,-- We must bury our dead joys, And live above them with a living world.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading He says to her,-- We must bury our dead joys, And live above them with a living world.

weddedadjectiveUS /ˈwedɪd/

having been taken in marriage

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Then Armgart is brought to see that there is a noble privilege in living as her friend has lived, in making music a joy to others, and in doing what she can to make life better for humanity.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He says to her,-- We must bury our dead joys, And live above them with a living world.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading There are two very distinct ideas running through the poem, that a life guided by altruism is better than--a merely artistic life, and that woman is to find in home and wedded joys that opportunity for the development of her soul, without which no artistic career can be complete.

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading Armgart learns from her master, the old and noble Leo, that he had also been ambitious, that he had won only small success, and that he now lived for the sake of the good he could do to those about him.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading He says to her,-- We must bury our dead joys, And live above them with a living world.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The words of the Graf speak George Eliot's own thought, that Armgart's life and her art would have been both more perfect and more noble had she held all her art as attribute to the dear sovereignty of affection.

Chapter 12 of George Eliot by George Willis Cooke holds 404 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of George Eliot contain?

Chapter 12 holds 404 sentences of George Eliot, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of George Eliot by George Willis Cooke exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 404 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of George Eliot?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading George Eliot

Common questions about reading George Eliot by George Willis Cooke on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of George Eliot?

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Which edition of George Eliot is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does George Eliot take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read George Eliot section by section

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  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in George Eliot

Words and structures a reader meets early in George Eliot, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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