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George Washington
George Washington

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of George Washington is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for George Washington
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
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Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.
The means of defence for all the colonies was taken under consideration.
Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.
The situation now called for the appointment of a commander-in-chief.
There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

George Washington

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of George Washington is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.
Line 2
The means of defence for all the colonies was taken under consideration.
/ðə miːnz ʌv dɪˈfens fɔːr ɔːl ðə ˈkɑːləniz wɑːz ˈteɪkən ˈʌndər kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən/
Line 3
Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.
/ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən tʊk ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl pɑːrt ɪn ðiːz dɪˌlɪbərˈeɪʃənz æz hiː hæd bɪn ˈtʃoʊzən ˈtʃermən ʌv ɔːl ðə kəˈmɪtiz ɑːn ˈmɪləteri əˈferz/
Line 4
The situation now called for the appointment of a commander-in-chief.
Line 5
There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.
/ðer wɜːr ˈeɪbəl men ɪn ˈkɑːŋɡrəs huː hæd sɜːrvd æz ˈɔːfəsərz ɪn ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɑːrmi ənd wʌn ɔːr əˈnʌðər ʌv ðem ˈræðər ɪkˈspektəd tuː biː ˈtʃoʊzən fɔːr ðə pəˈzɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

appointment noun US /əˈpɔɪntmənt/

the act of putting a person into a non-elective position

From this reading “The situation now called for the appointment of a commander-in-chief.”

chairman noun US /ˈtʃermən/

the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization

From this reading “Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.”

colonies noun US /ˈkɑːləniz/

plural of “colony” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading “The means of defence for all the colonies was taken under consideration.”

committees noun US /kəˈmɪtiz/

plural of “committee” — a special group delegated to consider some matter

From this reading “Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.”

Congress noun US /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading “Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.”

Continental adjective US /ˌkɑːntəˈnentəl/

of or pertaining to or typical of Europe

From this reading “Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.”

deliberations noun US /dɪˌlɪbərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “deliberation” — (usually plural) discussion of all sides of a question

From this reading “Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.”

tenth noun US /tenθ/

a tenth part; one part in ten equal parts

From this reading “Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

military affairs noun + noun

In this reading “Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.”

principal part noun + noun

In this reading “Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.”

under consideration preposition + noun

In this reading “The means of defence for all the colonies was taken under consideration.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1775

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The situation now called for the appointment of a commander-in-chief.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The means of defence for all the colonies was taken under consideration.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

appointmentnounUS /əˈpɔɪntmənt/

the act of putting a person into a non-elective position

From this reading The situation now called for the appointment of a commander-in-chief.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.

assembledverbUS /əˈsembəld/

past form of “assemble” — create by putting components or members together

From this reading Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The situation now called for the appointment of a commander-in-chief.

chairmannounUS /ˈtʃermən/

the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization

From this reading Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.

ChosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.

coloniesnounUS /ˈkɑːləniz/

plural of “colony” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading The means of defence for all the colonies was taken under consideration.

Commander-in-Chiefnoun

the officer who holds the supreme command

From this reading Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.

committeesnounUS /kəˈmɪtiz/

plural of “committee” — a special group delegated to consider some matter

From this reading Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.

CongressnounUS /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.

considerationnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən/

the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading The means of defence for all the colonies was taken under consideration.

ContinentaladjectiveUS /ˌkɑːntəˈnentəl/

of or pertaining to or typical of Europe

From this reading Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.

defencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading The means of defence for all the colonies was taken under consideration.

deliberationsnounUS /dɪˌlɪbərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “deliberation” — (usually plural) discussion of all sides of a question

From this reading Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The means of defence for all the colonies was taken under consideration.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading The means of defence for all the colonies was taken under consideration.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The situation now called for the appointment of a commander-in-chief.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

principalnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated

From this reading Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading The situation now called for the appointment of a commander-in-chief.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading The means of defence for all the colonies was taken under consideration.

tenthnounUS /tenθ/

a tenth part; one part in ten equal parts

From this reading Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Washington took the principal part in these deliberations, as he had been chosen chairman of all the committees on military affairs.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The means of defence for all the colonies was taken under consideration.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The means of defence for all the colonies was taken under consideration.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading Washington Chosen Commander-in-Chief On the tenth of May, 1775, the Continental Congress again assembled.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading There were able men in Congress who had served as officers in the British army and one or another of them rather expected to be chosen for the position.

Chapter 9 of George Washington by Ferdinand Schmidt holds 35 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of George Washington contain?

Chapter 9 holds 35 sentences of George Washington, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of George Washington by Ferdinand Schmidt exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 35 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of George Washington?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading George Washington

Common questions about reading George Washington by Ferdinand Schmidt on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of George Washington?

Yes. All 1430 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60236 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of George Washington is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60236, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does George Washington take to read?

About 119 minutes of reading across 286 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read George Washington section by section

How to work through George Washington section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of George Washington to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in George Washington

Words and structures a reader meets early in George Washington, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of George Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Translator
A word that appears in the opening chapter of George Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Memories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of George Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Immensee
A word that appears in the opening chapter of George Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.