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Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel
Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.
Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.
Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.
The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.
By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.
Line 2
Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.
Line 3
Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.
Line 4
The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.
Line 5
By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

advocates noun US /ˈædvəkəts/

plural of “advocate” — a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea

From this reading “The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.”

comprise verb US /kəmˈpraɪz/

be composed of

From this reading “The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.”

goaded adjective US /ˈɡoʊdɪd/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading “By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.”

graced verb US /ɡreɪst/

past form of “grace” — make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.

From this reading “Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.”

ignominy noun US /ˈɪɡnoʊmɪni/

a state of dishonor

From this reading “The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.”

squalor noun US /ˈskwɑːlər/

sordid dirtiness

From this reading “The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.”

Tuscan noun US /ˈtʌskən/

a resident of Tuscany

From this reading “Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.”

vagabonds noun US /ˈvæɡəbɑːndz/

plural of “vagabond” — anything that resembles a vagabond in having no fixed place

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

following morning adjective + noun

In this reading “Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.”

eager haste adjective + noun

In this reading “The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.”

shortest notice adjective + noun counted as “short notice”

In this reading “By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.”

through the streets preposition + article + noun counted as “through … street”

In this reading “Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.”

Conducted by verb + particle counted as “conduct by”

In this reading “Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.”

All words in this reading · 147

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

advocatesnounUS /ˈædvəkəts/

plural of “advocate” — a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

amidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

approachesnounUS /əˈproʊtʃəz/

plural of “approach” — ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

authoritynounUS /əˈθɔːrəti/

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

avenuesnounUS /ˈævənuːz/

plural of “avenue” — a line of approach

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

awokeverbUS /əˈwoʊk/

inflected form of “awake” — stop sleeping

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

Babbo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

besetverbUS /bɪˈset/

annoy continually or chronically

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

carabinieri

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

Cavallochi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

chargesnounUS /ˈtʃɑːrdʒəz/

plural of “charge” — an impetuous rush toward someone or something

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

claimsnounUS /kleɪmz/

plural of “claim” — an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

competentadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmpətɪnt/

properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

compriseverbUS /kəmˈpraɪz/

be composed of

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

ConductedverbUS /kənˈdʌktəd/

past form of “conduct” — direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

courtsnounUS /kɔːrts/

plural of “court” — an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

decaloguenoun

the biblical commandments of Moses

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

degradedadjectiveUS /dɪˈɡreɪdəd/

unrestrained by convention or morality

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

detachmentnounUS /dɪˈtætʃmənt/

avoiding emotional involvement

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

devisedverbUS /dɪˈvaɪzd/

past form of “devise” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

dirtnounUS /dɜːrt/

the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

disgraces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

doorsnounUS /dɔːrz/

plural of “door” — a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

dreadnounUS /dred/

fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

eageradjectiveUS /ˈiːɡər/

having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

edificenounUS /ˈedəfəs/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

essencenounUS /ˈesəns/

the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

externals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

featuresnounUS /ˈfiːtʃərz/

plural of “feature” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

filthyadjectiveUS /ˈfɪlθi/

disgustingly dirty; filled or smeared with offensive matter

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

galley-slaves

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

generousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəs/

willing to give and share unstintingly

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

goadedadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊdɪd/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

gracedverbUS /ɡreɪst/

past form of “grace” — make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

hastenounUS /heɪst/

overly eager speed (and possible carelessness)

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

ignominynounUS /ˈɪɡnoʊmɪni/

a state of dishonor

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

informedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd/

having much knowledge or education

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

inventedverbUS /ˌɪnˈventəd/

past form of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

jokesnounUS /dʒoʊks/

plural of “joke” — a humorous anecdote or remark intended to provoke laughter

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

limbsnounUS /lɪmz/

plural of “limb” — one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

LongadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

manacles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

mobnounUS /mɑːb/

a disorderly crowd of people

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

mockeries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

patronnounUS /ˈpeɪtrən/

a regular customer

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

perjuries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

politelyadverbUS /pəˈlaɪtli/

in a polite manner

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

preferverbUS /prəˈfɜːr/

like better; value more highly

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

Prefetto

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

presencenounUS /ˈprezəns/

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

prisonersnounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

plural of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

providedverbUS /prəˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

raggedadjectiveUS /ˈræɡəd/

being or dressed in clothes that are worn or torn

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

rascalitynoun

the trait of indulging in disreputable pranks

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

remarkableadjectiveUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl/

unusual or striking

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

repulsiveadjectiveUS /riˈpʌlsɪv/

offensive to the mind

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

respectableadjectiveUS /rɪˈspektəbəl/

characterized by socially or conventionally acceptable morals

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

ruinousadjectiveUS /ˈruːənəs/

extremely harmful; bringing physical or financial ruin

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

securedverbUS /sɪˈkjʊrd/

past form of “secure” — get by special effort

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

shortestadjectiveUS /ˈʃɔːrtɪst/

superlative of “short” — primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

smashedadjectiveUS /smæʃt/

very drunk

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

speakingnounUS /ˈspiːkɪŋ/

the utterance of intelligible speech

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

speciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

squalornounUS /ˈskwɑːlər/

sordid dirtiness

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

stimulatedadjectiveUS /ˈstɪmjəleɪtɪd/

emotionally aroused

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

styledverbUS /staɪld/

past form of “style” — designate by an identifying term

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

subornationnoun

underhandedly or improperly inducing someone to do something improper or unlawful

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

TemplenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

TuscannounUS /ˈtʌskən/

a resident of Tuscany

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

unsympathisingadjective

not showing or expressing sympathy

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

vagabondsnounUS /ˈvæɡəbɑːndz/

plural of “vagabond” — anything that resembles a vagabond in having no fixed place

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Tuscan justice, we are informed by competent authority, has not made, either in its essence or externals, any remarkable progress since the time we are now speaking of.

well-to-doadjective

in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich

From this reading By these men are others goaded on and stimulated to prefer claims against the well-to-do and respectable; by them are charges devised, circumstances invented, perjuries provided, at the shortest notice.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Long before their generous patron had awoke the following morning, the little company of Babbo were standing as prisoners in the dread presence of the Prefetto.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Conducted by a detachment of the carabinieri, and secured with manacles enough to have graced the limbs of galley-slaves, the _vagabonds_ as they were politely called, were led along through the streets, amid the jokes and mockeries of a very unsympathising public.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The same ruinous old edifice stands the Temple of Justice; the same dirt and squalor disgraces its avenues and approaches; the same filthy mob beset the doors--a ragged mob, in whose repulsive features a smashed decalogue is marked, amid whom, in hot and eager haste, are seen some others, a shadow better in dress, but more degraded still in look--the low advocates of these courts, ‘Cavallochi,’ as they are styled--a class whose lives of ignominy and subornation would comprise almost every known species of rascality.

Chapter 13 of Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel by Charles Lever holds 92 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel contain?

Chapter 13 holds 92 sentences of Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel by Charles Lever exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 92 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel

Common questions about reading Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel by Charles Lever on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel?

Yes. All 6184 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32560 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32560, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel take to read?

About 515 minutes of reading across 1237 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Haury
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lorrequer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Frontispiece
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gerald Fitzgerald, the Chevalier: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.