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Germinal
Germinal

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Germinal is here in full — 27 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
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Translated and Introduced by Havelock Ellis J. M. DENT & SONS LTD.
'GERMINAL' was published in 1885, after occupying Zola during the previous year.
In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.
For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.
'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Germinal

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Germinal is here in full — 27 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Translated and Introduced by Havelock Ellis J. M. DENT & SONS LTD.
Line 2
'GERMINAL' was published in 1885, after occupying Zola during the previous year.
Line 3
In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.
Line 4
For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.
Line 5
'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accumulated adjective US /əˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪd/

periodically accumulated over time

From this reading “In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.”

Belgium noun US /ˈbeldʒəm/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe; headquarters for the European Union and for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

From this reading “For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.”

dent noun US /dent/

an appreciable consequence (especially a lessening)

From this reading “Translated and Introduced by Havelock Ellis J. M. DENT & SONS LTD.”

Havelock noun US /ˈhævlɑːk/

a cloth covering for a service cap with a flap extending over the back of the neck to protect the neck from direct rays of the sun

From this reading “Translated and Introduced by Havelock Ellis J. M. DENT & SONS LTD.”

inquisitive adjective US /ˌɪnˈkwɪzɪtɪv/

showing curiosity

From this reading “'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.”

miner noun US /ˈmaɪnər/

laborer who works in a mine

From this reading “'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.”

occupying verb US /ˈɑːkjəpaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “occupy” — keep busy with

From this reading “'GERMINAL' was published in 1885, after occupying Zola during the previous year.”

Zola noun US /ˈzoʊlə/

French novelist and critic; defender of Dreyfus (1840-1902)

From this reading “'GERMINAL' was published in 1885, after occupying Zola during the previous year.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

six months noun + noun counted as “six month”

In this reading “For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.”

greater extent adjective + noun

In this reading “In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.”

previous year adjective + noun

In this reading “'GERMINAL' was published in 1885, after occupying Zola during the previous year.”

In accordance preposition + noun

In this reading “In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.”

For six preposition + noun

In this reading “For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1885

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'GERMINAL' was published in 1885, after occupying Zola during the previous year.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.

accordancenounUS /əˈkɔːrdəns/

concurrence of opinion

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

accumulatedadjectiveUS /əˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪd/

periodically accumulated over time

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading 'GERMINAL' was published in 1885, after occupying Zola during the previous year.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Translated and Introduced by Havelock Ellis J. M. DENT & SONS LTD.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading 'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

beforehandadjectiveUS /bɪˈfɔːrhænd/

being ahead of time or need

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

BelgiumnounUS /ˈbeldʒəm/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe; headquarters for the European Union and for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

From this reading For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

Borinage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Translated and Introduced by Havelock Ellis J. M. DENT & SONS LTD.

coal-mining

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

DENTnounUS /dent/

an appreciable consequence (especially a lessening)

From this reading Translated and Introduced by Havelock Ellis J. M. DENT & SONS LTD.

districtnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading 'GERMINAL' was published in 1885, after occupying Zola during the previous year.

Débâcle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

EllisnounUS /ˈelɪs/

plural of “elli” — (Norse mythology) goddess of old age who defeated Thor in a wrestling match

From this reading Translated and Introduced by Havelock Ellis J. M. DENT & SONS LTD.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading 'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading 'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading 'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

GERMINALadjective

containing seeds of later development

From this reading 'GERMINAL' was published in 1885, after occupying Zola during the previous year.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.

HavelocknounUS /ˈhævlɑːk/

a cloth covering for a service cap with a flap extending over the back of the neck to protect the neck from direct rays of the sun

From this reading Translated and Introduced by Havelock Ellis J. M. DENT & SONS LTD.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading 'GERMINAL' was published in 1885, after occupying Zola during the previous year.

inquisitiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkwɪzɪtɪv/

showing curiosity

From this reading 'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

IntroducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading Translated and Introduced by Havelock Ellis J. M. DENT & SONS LTD.

JnounUS /dʒeɪ/

a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second

From this reading Translated and Introduced by Havelock Ellis J. M. DENT & SONS LTD.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading 'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

LanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading 'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

LTD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Translated and Introduced by Havelock Ellis J. M. DENT & SONS LTD.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading Translated and Introduced by Havelock Ellis J. M. DENT & SONS LTD.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

minernounUS /ˈmaɪnər/

laborer who works in a mine

From this reading 'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

minersnounUS /ˈmaɪnərz/

plural of “miner” — laborer who works in a mine

From this reading 'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

Monsnoun

a mound of fatty tissue covering the pubic area in women

From this reading For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.

neighbourhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading 'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

northernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.

note-book

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.

occupyingverbUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “occupy” — keep busy with

From this reading 'GERMINAL' was published in 1885, after occupying Zola during the previous year.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading 'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading 'GERMINAL' was published in 1885, after occupying Zola during the previous year.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading 'GERMINAL' was published in 1885, after occupying Zola during the previous year.

Sherard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.

SONSnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading Translated and Introduced by Havelock Ellis J. M. DENT & SONS LTD.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading 'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 'GERMINAL' was published in 1885, after occupying Zola during the previous year.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading 'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

TranslatedverbUS /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading Translated and Introduced by Havelock Ellis J. M. DENT & SONS LTD.

travelledadjectiveUS /ˈtrævəld/

familiar with many parts of the world

From this reading For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading 'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

visitedverbUS /ˈvɪzɪtɪd/

past form of “visit” — go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading 'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 'GERMINAL' was published in 1885, after occupying Zola during the previous year.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading 'He was inquisitive, was that gentleman', miner told Sherard who visited the neighbourhood at a later period and found that the miners in every village knew _Germinal_.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In accordance with his usual custom--but to a greater extent than with any other of his books except _La Débâcle_--he accumulated material beforehand.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading 'GERMINAL' was published in 1885, after occupying Zola during the previous year.

ZolanounUS /ˈzoʊlə/

French novelist and critic; defender of Dreyfus (1840-1902)

From this reading 'GERMINAL' was published in 1885, after occupying Zola during the previous year.

Chapter 1 of Germinal by Émile Zola holds 27 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Germinal contain?

Chapter 1 holds 27 sentences of Germinal, unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Germinal by Émile Zola exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 27 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Germinal?

Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Germinal

Common questions about reading Germinal by Émile Zola on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Germinal?

Yes. All 10162 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56528 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Germinal is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56528, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Germinal take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2033 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Germinal section by section

How to work through Germinal section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Germinal to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Germinal

Words and structures a reader meets early in Germinal, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Germinal; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Germinal; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Havelock
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Germinal; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ellis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Germinal; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.