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Germinal
Germinal

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Germinal is here in full — 259 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Germinal
Context Illustration Reading 1/51 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.
They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.
After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.
Suddenly two enormous yellow eyes pierced the darkness in front of him.
He was beneath the pit-frame in the receiving-room, at the very mouth of the shaft.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Germinal

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Germinal is here in full — 259 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/51 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.
Line 2
They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.
Line 3
After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.
Line 4
Suddenly two enormous yellow eyes pierced the darkness in front of him.
/ˈsʌdənli tuː ɪˈnɔːrməs ˈjeloʊ aɪz pɪrst ðə ˈdɑːrknəs ɪn frʌnt ʌv hɪm/
Line 5
He was beneath the pit-frame in the receiving-room, at the very mouth of the shaft.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

complicated adjective US /ˈkɑːmpləkeɪtəd/

difficult to analyze or understand

From this reading “They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.”

confusing adjective US /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/

causing confusion or disorientation

From this reading “They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.”

holes noun US /hoʊlz/

plural of “hole” — an opening into or through something

From this reading “They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.”

pierced adjective US /pɪrst/

having a hole cut through

From this reading “Suddenly two enormous yellow eyes pierced the darkness in front of him.”

roam verb US /roʊm/

move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading “They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.”

shaft noun US /ʃæft/

a line that forms the length of an arrow pointer

From this reading “He was beneath the pit-frame in the receiving-room, at the very mouth of the shaft.”

shaky adjective US /ˈʃeɪki/

inclined to shake as from weakness or defect

From this reading “After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.”

staircase noun US /ˈsterkeɪs/

a way of access (upward and downward) consisting of a set of steps

From this reading “After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

profound darkness adjective + noun

In this reading “After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.”

roam through verb + particle

In this reading “They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.”

black holes adjective + noun counted as “black hole”

a region of space resulting from the collapse of a star; extremely high gravitational field

In this reading “They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.”

descended from verb + particle counted as “descend from”

In this reading “Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.”

in front preposition + noun

at or in the front

In this reading “Suddenly two enormous yellow eyes pierced the darkness in front of him.”

wait for verb + particle

In this reading “Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.”

for protection preposition + noun

In this reading “After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

askingnounUS /ˈæskɪŋ/

the verbal act of requesting

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading He was beneath the pit-frame in the receiving-room, at the very mouth of the shaft.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.

buildingsnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋz/

plural of “building” — a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

captainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

complicatedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmpləkeɪtəd/

difficult to analyze or understand

From this reading They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.

confusingadjectiveUS /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/

causing confusion or disorientation

From this reading They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

descendedverbUS /dɪˈsendəd/

past form of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

enormousadjectiveUS /ɪˈnɔːrməs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading Suddenly two enormous yellow eyes pierced the darkness in front of him.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Suddenly two enormous yellow eyes pierced the darkness in front of him.

foot-bridge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading Suddenly two enormous yellow eyes pierced the darkness in front of him.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

half-destroyed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

holesnounUS /hoʊlz/

plural of “hole” — an opening into or through something

From this reading They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

ill-lighted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

mountedadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntəd/

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading He was beneath the pit-frame in the receiving-room, at the very mouth of the shaft.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

piercedadjectiveUS /pɪrst/

having a hole cut through

From this reading Suddenly two enormous yellow eyes pierced the darkness in front of him.

pit-frame

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was beneath the pit-frame in the receiving-room, at the very mouth of the shaft.

platformnounUS /ˈplætfɔːrm/

a raised horizontal surface

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

plungedverbUS /plʌndʒd/

past form of “plunge” — thrust or throw into

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

profoundadjectiveUS /proʊˈfaʊnd/

showing intellectual penetration or emotional depth

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

protectionnounUS /prəˈtekʃən/

the activity of protecting someone or something

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

receiving-room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was beneath the pit-frame in the receiving-room, at the very mouth of the shaft.

roamverbUS /roʊm/

move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.

roomsnounUS /ruːmz/

apartment consisting of a series of connected rooms used as a living unit (as in a hotel)

From this reading They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.

screening-shed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

shaftnounUS /ʃæft/

a line that forms the length of an arrow pointer

From this reading He was beneath the pit-frame in the receiving-room, at the very mouth of the shaft.

shakyadjectiveUS /ˈʃeɪki/

inclined to shake as from weakness or defect

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

shooknounUS /ʃʊk/

a disassembled barrel; the parts packed for storage or shipment

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

staircasenounUS /ˈsterkeɪs/

a way of access (upward and downward) consisting of a set of steps

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

SuddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading Suddenly two enormous yellow eyes pierced the darkness in front of him.

tellingadjectiveUS /ˈtelɪŋ/

disclosing unintentionally something concealed

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Suddenly two enormous yellow eyes pierced the darkness in front of him.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He was beneath the pit-frame in the receiving-room, at the very mouth of the shaft.

Voreux

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

waitverbUS /weɪt/

stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading After having mounted a dark and half-destroyed staircase, he found himself on a shaky foot-bridge; then he crossed the screening-shed, which was plunged in such profound darkness that he walked with his hands before him for protection.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading They left him free to roam through the ill-lighted buildings, full of black holes, confusing with their complicated stories and rooms.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

yellowadjectiveUS /ˈjeloʊ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading Suddenly two enormous yellow eyes pierced the darkness in front of him.

Étienne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Étienne had at last descended from the platform and entered the Voreux; he spoke to men whom he met, asking if there was work to be had, but all shook their heads, telling him to wait for the captain.

Chapter 4 of Germinal by Émile Zola holds 259 sentences, grouped into 52 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Germinal contain?

Chapter 4 holds 259 sentences of Germinal, unabridged, divided into 52 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Germinal by Émile Zola exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 259 sentences, grouped into 52 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Germinal?

Work through the 52 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 52 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Germinal

Common questions about reading Germinal by Émile Zola on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Germinal?

Yes. All 10162 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56528 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Germinal is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56528, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Germinal take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2033 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Germinal section by section

How to work through Germinal section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Germinal to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Germinal

Words and structures a reader meets early in Germinal, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Germinal; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Germinal; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Havelock
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Germinal; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ellis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Germinal; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.