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Germinal
Germinal

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Germinal is here in full — 211 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Germinal
Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.
It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.
The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.
The strike was gradually becoming general.
At the Voreux a heavy silence hung over the pit-mouth.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Germinal

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Germinal is here in full — 211 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.
/ə ˈfɔːrtnaɪt hæd pæst ənd ɑːn ðə ˈmʌndi ʌv ðə θɜːrd wiːk ðə lɪsts sent ʌp tuː ðə ˈmænədʒərz ʃoʊd ə freʃ dɪˈkriːs ɪn ðə ˈnʌmbər ʌv ðə ˈmaɪnərz huː hæd ɡɔːn daʊn/
Line 2
It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.
/ɪt wɑːz ɪkˈspektəd ðæt ɑːn ðæt ˈmɔːrnɪŋ wɜːrk wʊd biː rɪˈzuːmd bʌt ðə ˈɑːbstənəsi ʌv ðə dərˈektərz ɪn nɑːt ˈjiːldɪŋ ɪɡˈzæspəreɪtɪd ðə ˈmaɪnərz/
Line 3
The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.
Line 4
The strike was gradually becoming general.
/ðə straɪk wɑːz ˈɡrædʒuːəli bɪˈkʌmɪŋ ˈdʒenərəl/
Line 5
At the Voreux a heavy silence hung over the pit-mouth.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

decrease verb US /dɪˈkriːs/

decrease in size, extent, or range

From this reading “A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.”

directors noun US /dərˈektərz/

plural of “director” — someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading “It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.”

exasperated adjective US /ɪɡˈzæspəreɪtɪd/

greatly annoyed; out of patience

From this reading “It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.”

lists noun US /lɪsts/

plural of “list” — a database containing an ordered array of items (names or topics)

From this reading “A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.”

managers noun US /ˈmænədʒərz/

plural of “manager” — someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading “A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.”

miners noun US /ˈmaɪnərz/

plural of “miner” — laborer who works in a mine

From this reading “A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.”

obstinacy noun US /ˈɑːbstənəsi/

the trait of being difficult to handle or overcome

From this reading “It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.”

pits noun US /pɪts/

plural of “pit” — a sizeable hole (usually in the ground)

From this reading “The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

gradually becoming adverb + adjective

In this reading “The strike was gradually becoming general.”

hung over verb + particle counted as “hang over”

In this reading “At the Voreux a heavy silence hung over the pit-mouth.”

about a quarter preposition + article + noun counted as “about … quarter”

In this reading “The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.”

third week noun + noun

In this reading “A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.

affectedadjectiveUS /əˈfektɪd/

acted upon; influenced

From this reading The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.

becomingadjectiveUS /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading The strike was gradually becoming general.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.

Crévecoeur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.

decreaseverbUS /dɪˈkriːs/

decrease in size, extent, or range

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

directorsnounUS /dərˈektərz/

plural of “director” — someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.

exasperatedadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzæspəreɪtɪd/

greatly annoyed; out of patience

From this reading It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.

Feutry-Cantel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.

fortnightnounUS /ˈfɔːrtnaɪt/

a period of fourteen consecutive days

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading The strike was gradually becoming general.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading The strike was gradually becoming general.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading At the Voreux a heavy silence hung over the pit-mouth.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading At the Voreux a heavy silence hung over the pit-mouth.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.

listsnounUS /lɪsts/

plural of “list” — a database containing an ordered array of items (names or topics)

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

Madeleine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.

managersnounUS /ˈmænədʒərz/

plural of “manager” — someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.

minersnounUS /ˈmaɪnərz/

plural of “miner” — laborer who works in a mine

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

Mirou

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.

MondaynounUS /ˈmʌndi/

the second day of the week; the first working day

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

obstinacynounUS /ˈɑːbstənəsi/

the trait of being difficult to handle or overcome

From this reading It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading At the Voreux a heavy silence hung over the pit-mouth.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

pit-mouth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the Voreux a heavy silence hung over the pit-mouth.

pitsnounUS /pɪts/

plural of “pit” — a sizeable hole (usually in the ground)

From this reading The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.

restingverbUS /ˈrestɪŋ/

-ing form of “rest” — not move; be in a resting position

From this reading The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.

resumedverbUS /rɪˈzuːmd/

past form of “resume” — take up or begin anew

From this reading It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.

Saint-Thomas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

silencenounUS /ˈsaɪ.ləns/

Complete absence of sound; a state of quietness and stillness.

From this reading At the Voreux a heavy silence hung over the pit-mouth.

strikeverbUS /straɪk/

deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon

From this reading The strike was gradually becoming general.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

Victoire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.

Voreux

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Voreux, Crévecoeur, Mirou, and Madeleine were not the only pits resting; at the Victoire and at Feutry-Cantel only about a quarter of the men had gone down; even Saint-Thomas was affected.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A fortnight had passed, and on the Monday of the third week the lists sent up to the managers showed a fresh decrease in the number of the miners who had gone down.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.

yieldingadjectiveUS /ˈjiːldɪŋ/

inclined to yield to argument or influence or control

From this reading It was expected that on that morning work would be resumed, but the obstinacy of the directors in not yielding exasperated the miners.

Chapter 20 of Germinal by Émile Zola holds 211 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Germinal contain?

Chapter 20 holds 211 sentences of Germinal, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Germinal by Émile Zola exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 211 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Germinal?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Germinal

Common questions about reading Germinal by Émile Zola on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Germinal?

Yes. All 10162 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56528 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Germinal is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56528, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Germinal take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2033 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Germinal section by section

How to work through Germinal section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Germinal to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Germinal

Words and structures a reader meets early in Germinal, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Germinal; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Germinal; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Havelock
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Germinal; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ellis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Germinal; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.