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Germinal
Germinal

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Germinal is here in full — 212 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Germinal
Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was the Plan-des-Dames, that vast glade just opened up by the felling of trees.
It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.
The cold was sharpening with the twilight and the frozen moss crackled beneath the feet.
There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.
Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Germinal

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Germinal is here in full — 212 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was the Plan-des-Dames, that vast glade just opened up by the felling of trees.
Line 2
It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.
Line 3
The cold was sharpening with the twilight and the frozen moss crackled beneath the feet.
/ðə koʊld wɑːz ˈʃɑːrpənɪŋ wɪð ðə ˈtwaɪlaɪt ənd ðə ˈfroʊzən mɔːs ˈkrækəld bɪˈniːθ ðə fiːt/
Line 4
There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.
/ðer wɑːz blæk ˈdɑːrknəs ɑːn ðə ɜːrθ waɪl ðə tɔːl ˈbræntʃəz ʃoʊd əˈɡenst ðə peɪl skaɪ wer ə fʊl muːn ˈkʌmɪŋ əˈbʌv ðə hərˈaɪzən wʊd suːn ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ ðə stɑːrz/
Line 5
Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.
/ˈnɪrli θriː ˈθaʊzənd ˈkɑːljərz hæd kʌm tuː ðə ˈrɑːndɪvuː ə ˈswɔːrmɪŋ kraʊd ʌv men ˈwɪmən ənd ˈtʃɪldrən ˈɡrædʒuːəli ˈfɪlɪŋ ðə ɡleɪd ənd ˈspredɪŋ aʊt əˈfɑːr bɪˈniːθ ðə triːz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

colliers noun US /ˈkɑːljərz/

plural of “collier” — someone who works in a coal mine

From this reading “Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.”

colonnade noun US /ˌkɑːləˈneɪd/

structure consisting of a row of evenly spaced columns

From this reading “It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.”

cube noun US /kjuːb/

a hexahedron with six equal squares as faces

From this reading “It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.”

extinguish verb US /ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

put an end to; kill

From this reading “There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.”

felling verb US /ˈfelɪŋ/

-ing form of “fell” — cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading “It was the Plan-des-Dames, that vast glade just opened up by the felling of trees.”

geometrical adjective US /ˌdʒiːəˈmetrɪkəl/

of or relating to or determined by geometry

From this reading “It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.”

lichens noun US /ˈlaɪkənz/

plural of “lichen” — any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks

From this reading “It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.”

sharpening verb US /ˈʃɑːrpənɪŋ/

-ing form of “sharpen” — make sharp or sharper

From this reading “The cold was sharpening with the twilight and the frozen moss crackled beneath the feet.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

gentle slope adjective + noun

In this reading “It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.”

above the horizon preposition + article + noun counted as “above … horizon”

In this reading “There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.”

full moon adjective + noun

the time when the Moon is fully illuminated

In this reading “There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.”

three thousand noun + noun

In this reading “Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.”

spread out verb + adjective

move outward

In this reading “It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.”

beneath the trees preposition + article + noun counted as “beneath … tree”

In this reading “Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.”

black darkness adjective + noun

In this reading “There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.”

crowd of verb + particle

In this reading “Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

afaradverbUS /əˈfɑːr/

(old-fashioned) at or from or to a great distance; far

From this reading Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

beeches

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading The cold was sharpening with the twilight and the frozen moss crackled beneath the feet.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was the Plan-des-Dames, that vast glade just opened up by the felling of trees.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading The cold was sharpening with the twilight and the frozen moss crackled beneath the feet.

colliersnounUS /ˈkɑːljərz/

plural of “collier” — someone who works in a coal mine

From this reading Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.

colonnadenounUS /ˌkɑːləˈneɪd/

structure consisting of a row of evenly spaced columns

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

crackledverbUS /ˈkrækəld/

past form of “crackle” — make a crackling sound

From this reading The cold was sharpening with the twilight and the frozen moss crackled beneath the feet.

crowdverbUS /kraʊd/

cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.

cubenounUS /kjuːb/

a hexahedron with six equal squares as faces

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

extinguishverbUS /ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

put an end to; kill

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The cold was sharpening with the twilight and the frozen moss crackled beneath the feet.

fellingverbUS /ˈfelɪŋ/

-ing form of “fell” — cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading It was the Plan-des-Dames, that vast glade just opened up by the felling of trees.

fillingnounUS /ˈfɪlɪŋ/

any material that fills a space or container

From this reading Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

frozenadjectiveUS /ˈfroʊzən/

turned into ice; affected by freezing or by long and severe cold

From this reading The cold was sharpening with the twilight and the frozen moss crackled beneath the feet.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

gentleadjectiveUS /ˈdʒentəl/

soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

geometricaladjectiveUS /ˌdʒiːəˈmetrɪkəl/

of or relating to or determined by geometry

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

giantsnounUS /ˈdʒaɪənts/

plural of “giant” — any creature of exceptional size

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

gladenounUS /ɡleɪd/

a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading It was the Plan-des-Dames, that vast glade just opened up by the felling of trees.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.

horizonnounUS /hərˈaɪzən/

the line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was the Plan-des-Dames, that vast glade just opened up by the felling of trees.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading It was the Plan-des-Dames, that vast glade just opened up by the felling of trees.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

lichensnounUS /ˈlaɪkənz/

plural of “lichen” — any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

logsnounUS /lɔːɡz/

plural of “log” — a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

massnounUS /mæs/

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.

moonnounUS /muːn/

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

mossnounUS /mɔːs/

tiny leafy-stemmed flowerless plants

From this reading The cold was sharpening with the twilight and the frozen moss crackled beneath the feet.

NearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was the Plan-des-Dames, that vast glade just opened up by the felling of trees.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading It was the Plan-des-Dames, that vast glade just opened up by the felling of trees.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

patchedadjectiveUS /pætʃt/

mended usually clumsily by covering a hole with a patch

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

Plan-des-Dames

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the Plan-des-Dames, that vast glade just opened up by the felling of trees.

regularadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

rendezvousnounUS /ˈrɑːndɪvuː/

a meeting planned at a certain time and place

From this reading Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.

sharpeningverbUS /ˈʃɑːrpənɪŋ/

-ing form of “sharpen” — make sharp or sharper

From this reading The cold was sharpening with the twilight and the frozen moss crackled beneath the feet.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

slopenounUS /sloʊp/

an elevated geological formation

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

spreadingnounUS /ˈspredɪŋ/

process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

From this reading Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.

starsnounUS /stɑːrz/

plural of “star” — (astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

superbadjectiveUS /sʊˈpɜːrb/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

swarmingverbUS /ˈswɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “swarm” — be teeming, be abuzz

From this reading Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was the Plan-des-Dames, that vast glade just opened up by the felling of trees.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was the Plan-des-Dames, that vast glade just opened up by the felling of trees.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

thicketsnounUS /ˈθɪkəts/

plural of “thicket” — a dense growth of bushes

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading It was the Plan-des-Dames, that vast glade just opened up by the felling of trees.

trunksnounUS /trʌŋks/

(used in the plural) trousers that end at or above the knee

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

twilightnounUS /ˈtwaɪlaɪt/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading The cold was sharpening with the twilight and the frozen moss crackled beneath the feet.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It was the Plan-des-Dames, that vast glade just opened up by the felling of trees.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading It was the Plan-des-Dames, that vast glade just opened up by the felling of trees.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was the Plan-des-Dames, that vast glade just opened up by the felling of trees.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It spread out in a gentle slope, surrounded by tall thickets and superb beeches with straight regular trunks, which formed a white colonnade patched with green lichens; fallen giants were also lying in the grass, while on the left a mass of logs formed a geometrical cube.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Nearly three thousand colliers had come to the rendezvous, a swarming crowd of men, women, and children, gradually filling the glade and spreading out afar beneath the trees.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading There was black darkness on the earth while the tall branches showed against the pale sky, where a full moon coming above the horizon would soon extinguish the stars.

Chapter 23 of Germinal by Émile Zola holds 212 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Germinal contain?

Chapter 23 holds 212 sentences of Germinal, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Germinal by Émile Zola exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 212 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Germinal?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Germinal

Common questions about reading Germinal by Émile Zola on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Germinal?

Yes. All 10162 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56528 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Germinal is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56528, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Germinal take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2033 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Germinal section by section

How to work through Germinal section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Germinal to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Germinal

Words and structures a reader meets early in Germinal, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Germinal; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Germinal; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Havelock
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Germinal; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ellis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Germinal; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.