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Gleanings in Europe
Gleanings in Europe

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Gleanings in Europe is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.
Caspar paid me a visit, after dinner, with an ominous face and a more ominous report.
He had ascertained that not less than twenty carriages were to cross the mountains next day.
This augured badly for our comfort.
In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gleanings in Europe

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Gleanings in Europe is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.
Line 2
Caspar paid me a visit, after dinner, with an ominous face and a more ominous report.
/ˈkæspər peɪd miː ə ˈvɪzɪt ˈæftər ˈdɪnər wɪð æn ˈɑːmənəs feɪs ənd ə mɔːr ˈɑːmənəs riˈpɔːrt/
Line 3
He had ascertained that not less than twenty carriages were to cross the mountains next day.
/hiː hæd ˌæsərˈteɪnd ðæt nɑːt les ðæn ˈtwenti ˈkærɪdʒɪz wɜːr tuː krɔːs ðə ˈmaʊntənz nekst deɪ/
Line 4
This augured badly for our comfort.
Line 5
In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accommodation noun US /əˌkɑːməˈdeɪʃən/

making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances

From this reading “Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.”

Apprehensions noun US /ˌæprɪˈhenʃənz/

plural of “apprehension” — fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading “Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.”

Bologna noun US /bəˈloʊni/

the capital of Emilia-Romagna; located in northern Italy to the east of the Apennines

From this reading “In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.”

Caspar noun US /ˈkæspər/

(New Testament) one of the three sages from the east who came bearing gifts for the infant Jesus

From this reading “Caspar paid me a visit, after dinner, with an ominous face and a more ominous report.”

chestnuts noun US /ˈtʃesnəts/

plural of “chestnut” — wood of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castanea

From this reading “In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.”

Courier noun US /ˈkɜːriər/

a person who carries a message

From this reading “Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.”

Inns noun US /ɪnz/

plural of “inn” — a hotel providing overnight lodging for travelers

From this reading “Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.”

Wildness noun US /ˈwaɪldnəs/

a feeling of extreme emotional intensity

From this reading “Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

next day adjective + noun

In this reading “He had ascertained that not less than twenty carriages were to cross the mountains next day.”

after dinner preposition + noun

In this reading “Caspar paid me a visit, after dinner, with an ominous face and a more ominous report.”

first place adjective + noun

In this reading “In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

accommodationnounUS /əˌkɑːməˈdeɪʃən/

making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Caspar paid me a visit, after dinner, with an ominous face and a more ominous report.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Caspar paid me a visit, after dinner, with an ominous face and a more ominous report.

Apenninesnoun

a mountain range extending the length of the Italian peninsula

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

ApprehensionsnounUS /ˌæprɪˈhenʃənz/

plural of “apprehension” — fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

ApproachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

ascertainedadjectiveUS /ˌæsərˈteɪnd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading He had ascertained that not less than twenty carriages were to cross the mountains next day.

augured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This augured badly for our comfort.

badlyadverbUS /ˈbædli/

to a severe or serious degree

From this reading This augured badly for our comfort.

bandit-looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

BolognanounUS /bəˈloʊni/

the capital of Emilia-Romagna; located in northern Italy to the east of the Apennines

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

carriagesnounUS /ˈkærɪdʒɪz/

plural of “carriage” — a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading He had ascertained that not less than twenty carriages were to cross the mountains next day.

CasparnounUS /ˈkæspər/

(New Testament) one of the three sages from the east who came bearing gifts for the infant Jesus

From this reading Caspar paid me a visit, after dinner, with an ominous face and a more ominous report.

CathedralnounUS /kəˈθiːdrəl/

any large and important church

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

chestnutsnounUS /ˈtʃesnəts/

plural of “chestnut” — wood of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castanea

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading This augured badly for our comfort.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

CouriernounUS /ˈkɜːriər/

a person who carries a message

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

crossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading He had ascertained that not less than twenty carriages were to cross the mountains next day.

crowdedadjectiveUS /ˈkraʊdəd/

overfilled or compacted or concentrated

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading He had ascertained that not less than twenty carriages were to cross the mountains next day.

day'snounUS /deɪz/

possessive form of “day” — time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

dietnounUS /ˈdaɪət/

a prescribed selection of foods

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

dinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading Caspar paid me a visit, after dinner, with an ominous face and a more ominous report.

DisappointedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/

disappointingly unsuccessful

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

discomfortnounUS /dɪˈskʌmfərt/

the state of being tense and feeling pain

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

excitedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsaɪtəd/

(of persons) excessively affected by emotion

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Caspar paid me a visit, after dinner, with an ominous face and a more ominous report.

faminenounUS /ˈfæmən/

an acute insufficiency

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

farenounUS /fer/

an agenda of things to do

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

FlorencenounUS /ˈflɔːrəns/

a city in central Italy on the Arno; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian Renaissance from 14th to 16th centuries

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This augured badly for our comfort.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had ascertained that not less than twenty carriages were to cross the mountains next day.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had ascertained that not less than twenty carriages were to cross the mountains next day.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

InnnounUS /ɪn/

a hotel providing overnight lodging for travelers

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

InnsnounUS /ɪnz/

plural of “inn” — a hotel providing overnight lodging for travelers

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

ItaliannounUS /ˌɪˈtæljən/

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

knowingadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊɪŋ/

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading He had ascertained that not less than twenty carriages were to cross the mountains next day.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Caspar paid me a visit, after dinner, with an ominous face and a more ominous report.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Caspar paid me a visit, after dinner, with an ominous face and a more ominous report.

moreoveradverbUS /mɔːˈroʊvər/

in addition to what has just been said

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading He had ascertained that not less than twenty carriages were to cross the mountains next day.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading He had ascertained that not less than twenty carriages were to cross the mountains next day.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He had ascertained that not less than twenty carriages were to cross the mountains next day.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

ominousadjectiveUS /ˈɑːmənəs/

threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments

From this reading Caspar paid me a visit, after dinner, with an ominous face and a more ominous report.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading This augured badly for our comfort.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading Caspar paid me a visit, after dinner, with an ominous face and a more ominous report.

PeasantnounUS /ˈpezənt/

a country person

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

possiblyadverbUS /ˈpɑːsəbli/

by chance

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

ProspectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

reportverbUS /riˈpɔːrt/

to give an account or representation of in words

From this reading Caspar paid me a visit, after dinner, with an ominous face and a more ominous report.

scenerynounUS /ˈsiːnəri/

the painted structures of a stage set that are intended to suggest a particular locale

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

servantsnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənts/

plural of “servant” — a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He had ascertained that not less than twenty carriages were to cross the mountains next day.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This augured badly for our comfort.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

travellingnounUS /ˈtrævəlɪŋ/

the act of going from one place to another

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

trulyadverbUS /ˈtruːli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading He had ascertained that not less than twenty carriages were to cross the mountains next day.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading Caspar paid me a visit, after dinner, with an ominous face and a more ominous report.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He had ascertained that not less than twenty carriages were to cross the mountains next day.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

WildnessnounUS /ˈwaɪldnəs/

a feeling of extreme emotional intensity

From this reading Prospect of discomfort from crowded Inns.--Wildness of scenery among the Apennines.--Apprehensions excited by a bandit-looking Peasant.--Disappointed of accommodation by a knowing Courier.--An Inn of truly Italian character.--In travelling, servants fare better than their masters.--Approach to Florence.--The Cathedral square.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Caspar paid me a visit, after dinner, with an ominous face and a more ominous report.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading In the first place, we might have a famine, or be brought to chestnuts, the true diet of the Apennines; and moreover, there was but a single house within a day’s work of Bologna where we could possibly sleep.

Chapter 3 of Gleanings in Europe by James Fenimore Cooper holds 114 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Gleanings in Europe contain?

Chapter 3 holds 114 sentences of Gleanings in Europe, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Gleanings in Europe by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 114 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Gleanings in Europe?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Gleanings in Europe

Common questions about reading Gleanings in Europe by James Fenimore Cooper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Gleanings in Europe?

Yes. All 2346 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76712 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Gleanings in Europe is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76712, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gleanings in Europe take to read?

About 195 minutes of reading across 470 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Gleanings in Europe section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Gleanings in Europe

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gleanings in Europe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gleanings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gleanings in Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Europe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gleanings in Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gleanings in Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gleanings in Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.