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Gleanings in Europe
Gleanings in Europe

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Gleanings in Europe is here in full — 57 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.
The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.
Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.
I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.
Although a mask is not indispensable, one is expected to wear some symbol of the folly of the hour.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gleanings in Europe

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Gleanings in Europe is here in full — 57 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.
Line 2
The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.
Line 3
Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.
Line 4
I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.
Line 5
Although a mask is not indispensable, one is expected to wear some symbol of the folly of the hour.
/ˌɔːlˈðoʊ ə mæsk ɪz nɑːt ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl wʌn ɪz ɪkˈspektəd tuː wer sʌm ˈsɪmbəl ʌv ðə ˈfɑːli ʌv ðə ˈaʊər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Advancement noun US /ədˈvænsmənt/

encouragement of the progress or growth or acceptance of something

From this reading “Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.”

blending noun US /ˈblendɪŋ/

the act of blending components together thoroughly

From this reading “Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.”

carnival noun US /ˈkɑːrnəvəl/

a festival marked by merrymaking and processions

From this reading “Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.”

follies noun US /ˈfɑːliz/

a revue with elaborate costuming

From this reading “The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.”

Leu noun US /luː/

the basic unit of money in Moldova

From this reading “Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.”

masked adjective US /mæskt/

having its true character concealed with the intent of misleading

From this reading “Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.”

mystified adjective US /ˈmɪstəfaɪd/

totally perplexed and mixed up

From this reading “Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.”

productive adjective US /prəˈdʌktɪv/

producing or capable of producing (especially abundantly)

From this reading “Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Masked Ball adjective + noun

a ball at which guests wear costumes and masks

In this reading “Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.”

Public Opinion noun + noun

a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people

In this reading “Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.”

shone forth verb + particle counted as “shine forth”

In this reading “Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.”

few words adjective + noun

In this reading “I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.”

at the Hotel preposition + article + noun counted as “at … hotel”

In this reading “Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.”

some idea adjective + noun

In this reading “I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.”

present at verb + particle

In this reading “I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

AdvancementnounUS /ədˈvænsmənt/

encouragement of the progress or growth or acceptance of something

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although a mask is not indispensable, one is expected to wear some symbol of the folly of the hour.

amusementnounUS /əˈmjuːzmənt/

a feeling of delight at being entertained

From this reading Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

BallnounUS /bɔːl/

round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

ballsnounUS /bɔːlz/

plural of “ball” — round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games

From this reading Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.

blendingnounUS /ˈblendɪŋ/

the act of blending components together thoroughly

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.

CarnivalnounUS /ˈkɑːrnəvəl/

a festival marked by merrymaking and processions

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

coloursnounUS /ˈkʌlərz/

a distinguishing emblem

From this reading Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.

commencedverbUS /kəˈmenst/

past form of “commence” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.

CountverbUS /kaʊnt/

determine the number or amount of

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

DancenounUS /dæns/

an artistic form of nonverbal communication

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

describeverbUS /dɪˈskraɪb/

give a description of

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.

EnglishmennounUS /ˌeŋˈlɪʃmən/

plural of “englishman” — a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading Although a mask is not indispensable, one is expected to wear some symbol of the folly of the hour.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

FlorencenounUS /ˈflɔːrəns/

a city in central Italy on the Arno; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian Renaissance from 14th to 16th centuries

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

folliesnounUS /ˈfɑːliz/

a revue with elaborate costuming

From this reading The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.

follynounUS /ˈfɑːli/

the trait of acting stupidly or rashly

From this reading Although a mask is not indispensable, one is expected to wear some symbol of the folly of the hour.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

gaieties

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

GroupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

harmlessadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrmləs/

not causing or capable of causing harm

From this reading The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.

HotelnounUS /hoʊˈtel/

a building where travelers can pay for lodging and meals and other services

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading Although a mask is not indispensable, one is expected to wear some symbol of the folly of the hour.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.

indispensableadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl/

not to be dispensed with; essential

From this reading Although a mask is not indispensable, one is expected to wear some symbol of the folly of the hour.

IntelligencenounUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns/

the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Although a mask is not indispensable, one is expected to wear some symbol of the folly of the hour.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.

legations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.

LeunounUS /luː/

the basic unit of money in Moldova

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

managedverbUS /ˈmænədʒd/

past form of “manage” — be successful; achieve a goal

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

maskverbUS /mæsk/

hide under a false appearance

From this reading Although a mask is not indispensable, one is expected to wear some symbol of the folly of the hour.

MaskedadjectiveUS /mæskt/

having its true character concealed with the intent of misleading

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

ministernounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.

mystifiedadjectiveUS /ˈmɪstəfaɪd/

totally perplexed and mixed up

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

NationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Although a mask is not indispensable, one is expected to wear some symbol of the folly of the hour.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.

OpinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.

PolishnounUS /ˈpɑːlɪʃ/

the property of being smooth and shiny

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

PrincenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

principalnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated

From this reading Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.

productiveadjectiveUS /prəˈdʌktɪv/

producing or capable of producing (especially abundantly)

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

PublicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

shoneverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “shine” — be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

sourcesnounUS /ˈsɔːrsəz/

plural of “source” — the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading Our little capital has shone forth in new colours, and a round of masked balls, at the different legations, has been one of the principal sources of amusement.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

symbolnounUS /ˈsɪmbəl/

an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significance

From this reading Although a mask is not indispensable, one is expected to wear some symbol of the folly of the hour.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Although a mask is not indispensable, one is expected to wear some symbol of the folly of the hour.

Vitrolles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.

wearverbUS /wer/

be dressed in

From this reading Although a mask is not indispensable, one is expected to wear some symbol of the folly of the hour.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

YankeenounUS /ˈjæŋki/

an American who lives in the North (especially during the American Civil War)

From this reading Florence.--The Carnival.--A Masked Ball at the Hotel de France.--Group of Englishmen.--A Polish Dance.--The blending of Nations productive of the Advancement of Intelligence.--Public Opinion.--A Yankee mystified.--Prince Napoleon, son of the Count St. Leu.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The carnival commenced early this year, and we have now been a month occupied with its harmless follies and gaieties.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I was present at the one given by M. de Vitrolles, the minister of France, and shall describe it, in a few words, that you may form some idea of the manner in which these things are managed in Italy.

Chapter 7 of Gleanings in Europe by James Fenimore Cooper holds 57 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Gleanings in Europe contain?

Chapter 7 holds 57 sentences of Gleanings in Europe, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Gleanings in Europe by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 57 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Gleanings in Europe?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Gleanings in Europe

Common questions about reading Gleanings in Europe by James Fenimore Cooper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Gleanings in Europe?

Yes. All 2346 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76712 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Gleanings in Europe is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76712, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gleanings in Europe take to read?

About 195 minutes of reading across 470 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Gleanings in Europe section by section

How to work through Gleanings in Europe section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Gleanings in Europe

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gleanings in Europe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gleanings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gleanings in Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Europe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gleanings in Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gleanings in Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gleanings in Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.