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Gleanings in Europe
Gleanings in Europe

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Gleanings in Europe is here in full — 74 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Trip to Genoa.--The Mail.--National vanity.--Massa.--Carrara.
Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.
A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.
As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.
The mail is always attended by a guard, who accompanies it from one great town to another.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gleanings in Europe

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Gleanings in Europe is here in full — 74 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Trip to Genoa.--The Mail.--National vanity.--Massa.--Carrara.
Line 2
Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.
Line 3
A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.
/ə ˈsʌdən kɔːl druː miː frʌm ˈflɔːrəns ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈkɑːrnəvəl ənd pʊt miː ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪdli ɑːn ðə roʊd tuː ˈperɪs/
Line 4
As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.
Line 5
The mail is always attended by a guard, who accompanies it from one great town to another.
/ðə meɪl ɪz ˈɔːlweɪz əˈtendɪd baɪ ə ɡɑːrd huː əˈkʌmpəniz ɪt frʌm wʌn ɡreɪt taʊn tuː əˈnʌðər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accompanies verb US /əˈkʌmpəniz/

third-person singular of “accompany” — be present or associated with an event or entity

From this reading “The mail is always attended by a guard, who accompanies it from one great town to another.”

carnival noun US /ˈkɑːrnəvəl/

a festival marked by merrymaking and processions

From this reading “A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.”

Environs noun US /ɪnˈvaɪrənz/

the area in which something exists or lives

From this reading “Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.”

Genoa noun US /ˈdʒenoʊə/

a seaport in northwestern Italy; provincial capital of Liguria

From this reading “Trip to Genoa.--The Mail.--National vanity.--Massa.--Carrara.”

Picturesque adjective US /ˈpɪktʃərəsk/

suggesting or suitable for a picture; pretty as a picture

From this reading “Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.”

Scenery noun US /ˈsiːnəri/

the painted structures of a stage set that are intended to suggest a particular locale

From this reading “Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.”

unexpectedly adverb US /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪdli/

in a way that was not expected

From this reading “A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.”

Villages noun US /ˈvɪlədʒəz/

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading “Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

always attended adverb + adjective

In this reading “The mail is always attended by a guard, who accompanies it from one great town to another.”

on the road preposition + article + noun counted as “on … road”

travelling about

In this reading “A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.”

in a hurry preposition + article + noun counted as “in … hurry”

In this reading “As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.”

went alone verb + adjective counted as “go alone”

In this reading “As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.

accompaniesverbUS /əˈkʌmpəniz/

third-person singular of “accompany” — be present or associated with an event or entity

From this reading The mail is always attended by a guard, who accompanies it from one great town to another.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The mail is always attended by a guard, who accompanies it from one great town to another.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading The mail is always attended by a guard, who accompanies it from one great town to another.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

attendedadjectiveUS /əˈtendɪd/

playing or singing with instrumental or vocal accompaniment

From this reading The mail is always attended by a guard, who accompanies it from one great town to another.

Balbi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The mail is always attended by a guard, who accompanies it from one great town to another.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.

carnivalnounUS /ˈkɑːrnəvəl/

a festival marked by merrymaking and processions

From this reading A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.

Carrara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Trip to Genoa.--The Mail.--National vanity.--Massa.--Carrara.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.

EnvironsnounUS /ɪnˈvaɪrənz/

the area in which something exists or lives

From this reading Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.

FlorencenounUS /ˈflɔːrəns/

a city in central Italy on the Arno; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian Renaissance from 14th to 16th centuries

From this reading A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.

GenoanounUS /ˈdʒenoʊə/

a seaport in northwestern Italy; provincial capital of Liguria

From this reading Trip to Genoa.--The Mail.--National vanity.--Massa.--Carrara.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

guardnounUS /ɡɑːrd/

a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading The mail is always attended by a guard, who accompanies it from one great town to another.

humournounUS /ˈhjuːmər/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.

hurrynounUS /ˈhɜːri/

a condition of urgency making it necessary to hurry

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The mail is always attended by a guard, who accompanies it from one great town to another.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The mail is always attended by a guard, who accompanies it from one great town to another.

ItaliannounUS /ˌɪˈtæljən/

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.

MailnounUS /meɪl/

the bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service

From this reading Trip to Genoa.--The Mail.--National vanity.--Massa.--Carrara.

malle-poste

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

Massa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Trip to Genoa.--The Mail.--National vanity.--Massa.--Carrara.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.

NationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading Trip to Genoa.--The Mail.--National vanity.--Massa.--Carrara.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The mail is always attended by a guard, who accompanies it from one great town to another.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

PalacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.

PicturesqueadjectiveUS /ˈpɪktʃərəsk/

suggesting or suitable for a picture; pretty as a picture

From this reading Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.

PortnounUS /pɔːrt/

a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise can enter or leave a country

From this reading Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.

ProspectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.

requestverbUS /rɪˈkwest/

express the need or desire for

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

RoadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.

RomanticadjectiveUS /roʊˈmæntɪk/

belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts

From this reading Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.

Sava

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.

ScenerynounUS /ˈsiːnəri/

the painted structures of a stage set that are intended to suggest a particular locale

From this reading Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.

speciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

SplendidadjectiveUS /ˈsplendɪd/

having great beauty and splendor

From this reading Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.

Strada

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.

suddenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌdən/

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Trip to Genoa.--The Mail.--National vanity.--Massa.--Carrara.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Trip to Genoa.--The Mail.--National vanity.--Massa.--Carrara.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

TownnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.

travellingnounUS /ˈtrævəlɪŋ/

the act of going from one place to another

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

TripnounUS /trɪp/

a journey for some purpose (usually including the return)

From this reading Trip to Genoa.--The Mail.--National vanity.--Massa.--Carrara.

unexpectedlyadverbUS /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪdli/

in a way that was not expected

From this reading A sudden call drew me from Florence during the carnival, and put me unexpectedly on the road to Paris.

vanitynounUS /ˈvænəti/

feelings of excessive pride

From this reading Trip to Genoa.--The Mail.--National vanity.--Massa.--Carrara.

VillagesnounUS /ˈvɪlədʒəz/

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Picturesque Road.--Romantic Villages.--Genoa.--The Strada Balbi.--The Sava Palace.--The Town, Scenery and Port.--Environs.--Splendid Prospect.--Italian humour.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading As I went alone, I took the mail, or _malle-poste_; a species of travelling in great request for those who are in a hurry.

Chapter 8 of Gleanings in Europe by James Fenimore Cooper holds 74 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Gleanings in Europe contain?

Chapter 8 holds 74 sentences of Gleanings in Europe, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Gleanings in Europe by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 74 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Gleanings in Europe?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Gleanings in Europe

Common questions about reading Gleanings in Europe by James Fenimore Cooper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Gleanings in Europe?

Yes. All 2346 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76712 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Gleanings in Europe is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76712, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gleanings in Europe take to read?

About 195 minutes of reading across 470 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Gleanings in Europe section by section

How to work through Gleanings in Europe section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Gleanings in Europe

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gleanings in Europe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gleanings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gleanings in Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Europe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gleanings in Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gleanings in Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gleanings in Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.