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Gloriana
Gloriana

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of Gloriana is here in full — 161 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.
In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.
In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.
In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.
Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gloriana

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of Gloriana is here in full — 161 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.
Line 2
In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.
/ɪn ðə ˈsʌmptʃwəs ˈdwelɪŋz ʌv ðə ˈwelθi ðə ˈdʒentri stretʃ ðer ˈpæmpərd ˈbɑːdiz ɑːn ðə sɑːft kaʊtʃ ʌv iːz ənd wɔːrmθ ˈɪməteɪtɪd tuː ə ˈnaɪsɪti baɪ ðer dɪˈpendənts/
Line 3
In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.
Line 4
In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.
Line 5
Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.
/jet əˈbʌv ðiːz siːnz soʊ daɪˈvɜːrsəfaɪd ənd streɪndʒ piːs fɔːr ə fjuː briːf ˈaʊərz hæz spred hɜːr wɪŋz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dependents noun US /dɪˈpendənts/

plural of “dependent” — a person who relies on another person for support (especially financial support)

From this reading “In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.”

diversified adjective US /daɪˈvɜːrsəfaɪd/

having variety of character or form or components; or having increased variety

From this reading “Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.”

homeless noun US /ˈhoʊmləs/

someone unfortunate without housing

From this reading “In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.”

London's noun US /ˈlʌndənz/

possessive form of “london” — the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

nicety noun US /ˈnaɪsɪti/

conformity with some esthetic standard of correctness or propriety

From this reading “In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.”

overcrowding verb US /ˈoʊvərkraʊdɪŋ/

-ing form of “overcrowd” — cause to crowd together too much

From this reading “In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.”

pampered verb US /ˈpæmpərd/

past form of “pamper” — treat with excessive indulgence

From this reading “In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.”

sumptuous adjective US /ˈsʌmptʃwəs/

ostentatiously rich and superior in quality

From this reading “In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

middle class noun + noun

the social class between the lower and upper classes

In this reading “In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.”

working class adjective + noun

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

In this reading “In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.”

limited space adjective + noun

In this reading “In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.”

chief characteristic noun + noun

In this reading “In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.”

died away verb + particle counted as “die away”

become less in amount or intensity

In this reading “The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.”

brief hours adjective + noun

In this reading “The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.”

roar of verb + particle

In this reading “The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.

absoluteadjectiveUS /ˈæbsəluːt/

perfect or complete or pure

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

bodiesnounUS /ˈbɑːdiz/

plural of “body” — the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

canopynounUS /ˈkæn.ə.pi/

An overhead roof or structure, such as the high vaulted ceiling of an ancient library.

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

characteristicnounUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪk/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

couchnounUS /kaʊtʃ/

an upholstered seat for more than one person

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

crimenounUS /kraɪm/

(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

dependentsnounUS /dɪˈpendənts/

plural of “dependent” — a person who relies on another person for support (especially financial support)

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

displayedverbUS /dɪˈspleɪd/

past form of “display” — to show, make visible or apparent

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

diversifiedadjectiveUS /daɪˈvɜːrsəfaɪd/

having variety of character or form or components; or having increased variety

From this reading Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.

dwellingsnounUS /ˈdwelɪŋz/

plural of “dwelling” — housing that someone is living in

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

easeverbUS /iːz/

move gently or carefully

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

enjoyedverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪd/

past form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

flag-stones

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

foodlessadjective

being without food

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

gentrynounUS /ˈdʒentri/

the most powerful members of a society

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

helplessadjectiveUS /ˈhelpləs/

lacking in or deprived of strength or power

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

homelessnounUS /ˈhoʊmləs/

someone unfortunate without housing

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

imitatedverbUS /ˈɪməteɪtɪd/

past form of “imitate” — reproduce someone's behavior or looks

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

limitedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪmətəd/

small in range or scope

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

London'snounUS /ˈlʌndənz/

possessive form of “london” — the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

mysticadjectiveUS /ˈmɪstɪk/

having an import not apparent to the senses nor obvious to the intelligence; beyond ordinary understanding

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

nicetynounUS /ˈnaɪsɪti/

conformity with some esthetic standard of correctness or propriety

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

o'eradverb

throughout a period of time

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

overcrowdingverbUS /ˈoʊvərkraʊdɪŋ/

-ing form of “overcrowd” — cause to crowd together too much

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

painnounUS /peɪn/

a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

pamperedverbUS /ˈpæmpərd/

past form of “pamper” — treat with excessive indulgence

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

roarverbUS /rɔːr/

make a loud noise, as of wind, water, or vehicles

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

scenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.

stretchverbUS /stretʃ/

occupy a large, elongated area

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

sufferingnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

a state of acute pain

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

sumptuousadjectiveUS /ˈsʌmptʃwəs/

ostentatiously rich and superior in quality

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

sumptuousnessnoun

wealth as evidenced by sumptuous living

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

trafficnounUS /ˈtræfɪk/

the aggregation of things (pedestrians or vehicles) coming and going in a particular locality during a specified period of time

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

vaultnounUS /vɒlt/

An arched structure of masonry forming a ceiling, or a secure subterranean storage room.

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

warmthnounUS /wɔːrmθ/

the sensation caused by heat energy

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

wealthyadjectiveUS /ˈwelθi/

having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

wingsnounUS /wɪŋz/

a means of flight or ascent

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

workingadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.

Chapter 19 of Gloriana by Florence, Lady Dixie holds 161 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of Gloriana contain?

Chapter 19 holds 161 sentences of Gloriana, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of Gloriana by Florence, Lady Dixie exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 161 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of Gloriana?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Gloriana

Common questions about reading Gloriana by Florence, Lady Dixie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Gloriana?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Gloriana is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gloriana take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Gloriana section by section

How to work through Gloriana section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Gloriana to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Gloriana

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gloriana, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Gloriana, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Gloriana, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Gloriana, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.