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Going West
Going West

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Going West is here in full — 64 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Going West
Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.
On the contrary, he was a civilian and a business man in every nerve of his body.
Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.
His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.
All that, however, had been alien to the main purposes of life.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Going West

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Going West is here in full — 64 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.
/hiː wɑːz nɑːt ə bɔːrn ˈfaɪtər ɪn spaɪt ʌv ə bɪɡ ˈhʌski freɪm θruː wɪtʃ ðə ɜːrdʒ ʌv ˈfɪzɪkəl laɪf wɑːz strɔːŋ/
Line 2
On the contrary, he was a civilian and a business man in every nerve of his body.
/ɑːn ðə ˈkɑːntreri hiː wɑːz ə səˈvɪljən ənd ə ˈbɪznəs mæn ɪn ˈevəri nɜːrv ʌv hɪz ˈbɑːdi/
Line 3
Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.
/eɪt ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz ɑːn əˈmerəkən sɔɪl hæd bred ə taɪp eˈsenʃəli ˌɪnˈdʌstriəs ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ ɔːl ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ ɪn wɪtʃ ðə ˈfæməli hæd bɪn enˈɡeɪdʒd/
Line 4
His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.
Line 5
All that, however, had been alien to the main purposes of life.
/ɔːl ðæt ˌhaʊˈevər hæd bɪn ˈeɪliən tuː ðə meɪn ˈpɜːrpəsəz ʌv laɪf/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alien adjective US /ˈeɪliən/

not contained in or deriving from the essential nature of something

From this reading “All that, however, had been alien to the main purposes of life.”

civilian noun US /səˈvɪljən/

a nonmilitary citizen

From this reading “On the contrary, he was a civilian and a business man in every nerve of his body.”

Connecticut noun US /kəˈnetəkət/

a New England state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading “His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.”

essentially adverb US /eˈsenʃəli/

in essence; at bottom or by one's (or its) very nature

From this reading “Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.”

fighter noun US /ˈfaɪtər/

someone who fights (or is fighting)

From this reading “He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.”

husky adjective US /ˈhʌski/

muscular and heavily built

From this reading “He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.”

industrious adjective US /ˌɪnˈdʌstriəs/

characterized by hard work and perseverance

From this reading “Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.”

urge verb US /ɜːrdʒ/

force or impel in an indicated direction

From this reading “He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Civil War adjective + noun

a war between factions in the same country

In this reading “His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.”

hundred years noun + noun

In this reading “His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.”

in spite preposition + noun

In this reading “He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.”

main purposes adjective + noun counted as “main purpose”

In this reading “All that, however, had been alien to the main purposes of life.”

notwithstanding all adverb + adjective

In this reading “Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.”

business man noun + noun

In this reading “On the contrary, he was a civilian and a business man in every nerve of his body.”

for nearly preposition + adverb

In this reading “His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

alienadjectiveUS /ˈeɪliən/

not contained in or deriving from the essential nature of something

From this reading All that, however, had been alien to the main purposes of life.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.

ancestorsnounUS /ˈænsestərz/

plural of “ancestor” — someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading On the contrary, he was a civilian and a business man in every nerve of his body.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

beatenadjectiveUS /ˈbiːtən/

formed or made thin by hammering

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading On the contrary, he was a civilian and a business man in every nerve of his body.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

bredverbUS /bred/

inflected form of “breed” — call forth

From this reading Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading On the contrary, he was a civilian and a business man in every nerve of his body.

CiviladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

civiliannounUS /səˈvɪljən/

a nonmilitary citizen

From this reading On the contrary, he was a civilian and a business man in every nerve of his body.

ConnecticutnounUS /kəˈnetəkət/

a New England state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

contraryadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːntreri/

very opposed in nature or character or purpose

From this reading On the contrary, he was a civilian and a business man in every nerve of his body.

EightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.

essentiallyadverbUS /eˈsenʃəli/

in essence; at bottom or by one's (or its) very nature

From this reading Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading On the contrary, he was a civilian and a business man in every nerve of his body.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.

fartheradjectiveUS /ˈfɑːrðər/

more distant in especially space or time

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

fighternounUS /ˈfaɪtər/

someone who fights (or is fighting)

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

frameverbUS /freɪm/

enclose in or as if in a frame

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

generationsnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.

grandfathernounUS /ˈɡrændfɑːðər/

the father of your father or mother

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

great-great-grandfather

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading On the contrary, he was a civilian and a business man in every nerve of his body.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading All that, however, had been alien to the main purposes of life.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

huskyadjectiveUS /ˈhʌski/

muscular and heavily built

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

industriousadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdʌstriəs/

characterized by hard work and perseverance

From this reading Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading All that, however, had been alien to the main purposes of life.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading On the contrary, he was a civilian and a business man in every nerve of his body.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

nervenounUS /nɜːrv/

any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body

From this reading On the contrary, he was a civilian and a business man in every nerve of his body.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

notwithstandingadverbUS /ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/

despite anything to the contrary (usually preceding a concession)

From this reading Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the contrary, he was a civilian and a business man in every nerve of his body.

physicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading All that, however, had been alien to the main purposes of life.

RevolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.

Spanish-American

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading All that, however, had been alien to the main purposes of life.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading All that, however, had been alien to the main purposes of life.

typenounUS /taɪp/

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading Eight generations on American soil had bred a type essentially industrious, notwithstanding all the fighting in which the family had been engaged.

urgeverbUS /ɜːrdʒ/

force or impel in an indicated direction

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

ValleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He was not a born fighter, in spite of a big, husky frame through which the urge of physical life was strong.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading His father had fought in the Spanish-American War; his grandfather in the Civil War; his great-great-grandfather in the Revolution; farther back, his ancestors in the Connecticut Valley had beaten off the French and Indians for nearly a hundred years.

Chapter 1 of Going West by Basil King holds 64 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Going West contain?

Chapter 1 holds 64 sentences of Going West, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Going West by Basil King exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 64 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Going West?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Going West

Common questions about reading Going West by Basil King on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Going West?

Yes. All 593 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60395 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Going West is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60395, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Going West take to read?

About 49 minutes of reading across 119 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Going West section by section

How to work through Going West section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Going West to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Going West

Words and structures a reader meets early in Going West, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fighter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Going West; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spite
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Going West; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Husky
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Going West; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Frame
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Going West; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.