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Good References
Good References

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Good References is here in full — 239 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Good References
Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
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THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:
Aboard the yacht _Sunshine_--Latitude, 40° 43' North; Longitude, 74° 0' West.
Weather, clear; wind, SSW., moderate; sea, smooth.
Barometer, 29.6.
But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Good References

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Good References is here in full — 239 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:
/θriː ˈerəndz əˈʃɔːr ɪf ænt ˈkerəlaɪn hæd bɪn bred tuː ðə siː ənd fəˈmɪljər wɪð ɪts ˈkʌstəmz ðæt hæv ˈpræktɪkli ˈkrɪstəlaɪzd ˈɪntuː æn ənˈrɪtən lɔː ʃiː wʊd hæv ˈrɪtən ɪn hɜːr lɔːɡ/
Line 2
Aboard the yacht _Sunshine_--Latitude, 40° 43' North; Longitude, 74° 0' West.
Line 3
Weather, clear; wind, SSW., moderate; sea, smooth.
Line 4
Barometer, 29.6.
Line 5
But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Barometer noun US /bərˈɑːmɪtər/

an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure

From this reading “Barometer, 29.6.”

crystallized adjective US /ˈkrɪstəlaɪzd/

having become fixed and definite in form

From this reading “THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:”

errands noun US /ˈerəndz/

plural of “errand” — a short trip that is taken in the performance of a necessary task or mission

From this reading “THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:”

Latitude noun US /ˈlætətuːd/

the angular distance between an imaginary line around a heavenly body parallel to its equator and the equator itself

From this reading “Aboard the yacht _Sunshine_--Latitude, 40° 43' North; Longitude, 74° 0' West.”

Longitude noun US /ˈlɑːndʒətuːd/

the angular distance between a point on any meridian and the prime meridian at Greenwich

From this reading “Aboard the yacht _Sunshine_--Latitude, 40° 43' North; Longitude, 74° 0' West.”

moderate verb US /ˈmɑːdərət/

preside over

From this reading “Weather, clear; wind, SSW., moderate; sea, smooth.”

phrased verb US /freɪzd/

past form of “phrase” — put into words or an expression

From this reading “But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:”

unwritten adjective US /ənˈrɪtən/

based on custom rather than documentation

From this reading “THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

unwritten law adjective + noun

law based on customary behavior

In this reading “THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:”

in the course preposition + article + noun counted as “in … course”

In this reading “But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

0

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Aboard the yacht _Sunshine_--Latitude, 40° 43' North; Longitude, 74° 0' West.

29.6

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Barometer, 29.6.

40

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Aboard the yacht _Sunshine_--Latitude, 40° 43' North; Longitude, 74° 0' West.

43

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Aboard the yacht _Sunshine_--Latitude, 40° 43' North; Longitude, 74° 0' West.

74

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Aboard the yacht _Sunshine_--Latitude, 40° 43' North; Longitude, 74° 0' West.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:

AboardadverbUS /əˈbɔːrd/

on a ship, train, plane or other vehicle

From this reading Aboard the yacht _Sunshine_--Latitude, 40° 43' North; Longitude, 74° 0' West.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

ASHOREadverbUS /əˈʃɔːr/

towards the shore from the water

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

AuntnounUS /ænt/

the sister of your father or mother; the wife of your uncle

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

BarometernounUS /bərˈɑːmɪtər/

an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure

From this reading Barometer, 29.6.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:

bredverbUS /bred/

inflected form of “breed” — call forth

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:

CarolineadjectiveUS /ˈkerəlaɪn/

of or relating to the life and times of kings Charles I or Charles II of England

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading Weather, clear; wind, SSW., moderate; sea, smooth.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:

crystallizedadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstəlaɪzd/

having become fixed and definite in form

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

customsnounUS /ˈkʌstəmz/

money collected under a tariff

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

ERRANDSnounUS /ˈerəndz/

plural of “errand” — a short trip that is taken in the performance of a necessary task or mission

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:

LatitudenounUS /ˈlætətuːd/

the angular distance between an imaginary line around a heavenly body parallel to its equator and the equator itself

From this reading Aboard the yacht _Sunshine_--Latitude, 40° 43' North; Longitude, 74° 0' West.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

logverbUS /lɔːɡ/

enter into a log, as on ships and planes

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

LongitudenounUS /ˈlɑːndʒətuːd/

the angular distance between a point on any meridian and the prime meridian at Greenwich

From this reading Aboard the yacht _Sunshine_--Latitude, 40° 43' North; Longitude, 74° 0' West.

moderateverbUS /ˈmɑːdərət/

preside over

From this reading Weather, clear; wind, SSW., moderate; sea, smooth.

nephewnounUS /ˈnefjuː/

a son of your brother or sister

From this reading But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Aboard the yacht _Sunshine_--Latitude, 40° 43' North; Longitude, 74° 0' West.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:

phrasedverbUS /freɪzd/

past form of “phrase” — put into words or an expression

From this reading But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:

practicallyadverbUS /ˈpræktɪkli/

almost; nearly

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

remarknounUS /rɪˈmɑːrk/

a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information

From this reading But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

seafaringnoun

the work of a sailor

From this reading But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

smoothadjectiveUS /smuːð/

having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities

From this reading Weather, clear; wind, SSW., moderate; sea, smooth.

SSWnoun

the compass point midway between south and southwest

From this reading Weather, clear; wind, SSW., moderate; sea, smooth.

SunshinenounUS /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/

the rays of the sun

From this reading Aboard the yacht _Sunshine_--Latitude, 40° 43' North; Longitude, 74° 0' West.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:

THREEnounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

unwrittenadjectiveUS /ənˈrɪtən/

based on custom rather than documentation

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading But not being a seafaring lady, she phrased it in this way in the course of a remark to her nephew:

WeathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading Weather, clear; wind, SSW., moderate; sea, smooth.

WestnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading Aboard the yacht _Sunshine_--Latitude, 40° 43' North; Longitude, 74° 0' West.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Weather, clear; wind, SSW., moderate; sea, smooth.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading THREE ERRANDS ASHORE If Aunt Caroline had been bred to the sea, and familiar with its customs that have practically crystallized into an unwritten law, she would have written in her log:

yachtnounUS /jɑːt/

an expensive vessel propelled by sail or power and used for cruising or racing

From this reading Aboard the yacht _Sunshine_--Latitude, 40° 43' North; Longitude, 74° 0' West.

Chapter 16 of Good References by E. J. Rath holds 239 sentences, grouped into 48 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Good References contain?

Chapter 16 holds 239 sentences of Good References, unabridged, divided into 48 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Good References by E. J. Rath exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 239 sentences, grouped into 48 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Good References?

Work through the 48 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 48 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Good References

Common questions about reading Good References by E. J. Rath on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Good References?

Yes. All 6937 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42754 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Good References is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42754, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Good References take to read?

About 578 minutes of reading across 1388 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Good References section by section

How to work through Good References section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Good References to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Good References

Words and structures a reader meets early in Good References, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Good References; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mister
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Good References; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mantle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Good References; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Silence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Good References; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.