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Gordon Keith
Gordon Keith

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Gordon Keith is here in full — 266 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Gordon Keith
Context Illustration Reading 1/53 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.
Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.
For a time it was hoped that the dilapidation might be repaired and the old life be lived again.
General Keith, like many others, though broken and wasted in body, undertook to rebuild with borrowed money, but with disastrous results.
The conditions were all against him.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gordon Keith

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Gordon Keith is here in full — 266 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/53 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.
Line 2
Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.
/ˈfræɡmənts ʌv ðə ˈstrʌktʃər ðæt hæd wʌns ˈrɪzən soʊ fer ənd ˌɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ stɪl stʊd fɔːr ə taɪm ˈiːvɪn ˈæftər ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃənz wɜːr ˌʌndərˈmaɪnd ə ˈbæstʃən hiːr ə ˈtaʊər ðer bʌt ɪn taɪm ðeɪ ˈfɑːloʊd ðə ˈdʒenərəl ˈoʊvərθroʊ ənd ˈkrʌmbəld ˈɡrædʒuːəli tuː ðer fɔːl ˈliːvɪŋ ˈoʊnli ˈruːənz ənd dɪˈkeɪ/
Line 3
For a time it was hoped that the dilapidation might be repaired and the old life be lived again.
Line 4
General Keith, like many others, though broken and wasted in body, undertook to rebuild with borrowed money, but with disastrous results.
Line 5
The conditions were all against him.
/ðə kənˈdɪʃənz wɜːr ɔːl əˈɡenst hɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bastion noun US /ˈbæstʃən/

a group that defends a principle

From this reading “Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.”

crumbled verb US /ˈkrʌmbəld/

past form of “crumble” — fall apart

From this reading “Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.”

disastrous adjective US /dɪˈzæstrəs/

(of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin

From this reading “General Keith, like many others, though broken and wasted in body, undertook to rebuild with borrowed money, but with disastrous results.”

foundations noun US /faʊnˈdeɪʃənz/

plural of “foundation” — the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading “Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.”

overseer noun US /ˈoʊvərˈsiːər/

a person who directs and manages an organization

From this reading “GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.”

overthrow noun US /ˈoʊvərθroʊ/

the termination of a ruler or institution (especially by force)

From this reading “Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.”

rebuild verb US /riˈbɪld/

build again

From this reading “General Keith, like many others, though broken and wasted in body, undertook to rebuild with borrowed money, but with disastrous results.”

undermined verb US /ˌʌndərˈmaɪnd/

past form of “undermine” — destroy property or hinder normal operations

From this reading “Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading For a time it was hoped that the dilapidation might be repaired and the old life be lived again.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The conditions were all against him.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The conditions were all against him.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

bastionnounUS /ˈbæstʃən/

a group that defends a principle

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading For a time it was hoped that the dilapidation might be repaired and the old life be lived again.

BECOMESverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading General Keith, like many others, though broken and wasted in body, undertook to rebuild with borrowed money, but with disastrous results.

borrowedverbUS /ˈbɑːroʊd/

past form of “borrow” — get temporarily

From this reading General Keith, like many others, though broken and wasted in body, undertook to rebuild with borrowed money, but with disastrous results.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading General Keith, like many others, though broken and wasted in body, undertook to rebuild with borrowed money, but with disastrous results.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

closedadjectiveUS /kloʊzd/

not open or affording passage or access

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading The conditions were all against him.

crumbledverbUS /ˈkrʌmbəld/

past form of “crumble” — fall apart

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

decaynounUS /dɪˈkeɪ/

the process of gradually becoming inferior

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

dilapidationnoun

a state of deterioration due to old age or long use

From this reading For a time it was hoped that the dilapidation might be repaired and the old life be lived again.

disastrousadjectiveUS /dɪˈzæstrəs/

(of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin

From this reading General Keith, like many others, though broken and wasted in body, undertook to rebuild with borrowed money, but with disastrous results.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

foundationsnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃənz/

plural of “foundation” — the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

FragmentsnounUS /ˈfræɡmənts/

plural of “fragment” — a piece broken off or cut off of something else

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

GENERALadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The conditions were all against him.

hopedverbUS /hoʊpt/

past form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading For a time it was hoped that the dilapidation might be repaired and the old life be lived again.

imposingadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

impressive in appearance

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

KEITH

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading For a time it was hoped that the dilapidation might be repaired and the old life be lived again.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading General Keith, like many others, though broken and wasted in body, undertook to rebuild with borrowed money, but with disastrous results.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading For a time it was hoped that the dilapidation might be repaired and the old life be lived again.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading General Keith, like many others, though broken and wasted in body, undertook to rebuild with borrowed money, but with disastrous results.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading For a time it was hoped that the dilapidation might be repaired and the old life be lived again.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading General Keith, like many others, though broken and wasted in body, undertook to rebuild with borrowed money, but with disastrous results.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading General Keith, like many others, though broken and wasted in body, undertook to rebuild with borrowed money, but with disastrous results.

OVERSEERnounUS /ˈoʊvərˈsiːər/

a person who directs and manages an organization

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

overthrownounUS /ˈoʊvərθroʊ/

the termination of a ruler or institution (especially by force)

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

rebuildverbUS /riˈbɪld/

build again

From this reading General Keith, like many others, though broken and wasted in body, undertook to rebuild with borrowed money, but with disastrous results.

recognizedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

repairedverbUS /rɪˈperd/

past form of “repair” — restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken

From this reading For a time it was hoped that the dilapidation might be repaired and the old life be lived again.

resultsnounUS /rɪˈzʌlts/

plural of “result” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading General Keith, like many others, though broken and wasted in body, undertook to rebuild with borrowed money, but with disastrous results.

risenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪzən/

(of e.g. celestial bodies) above the horizon

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

ruinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

structurenounUS /ˈstrʌktʃər/

a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

towernounUS /ˈtaʊər/

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

underminedverbUS /ˌʌndərˈmaɪnd/

past form of “undermine” — destroy property or hinder normal operations

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

undertookverbUS /ˌʌndərˈtʊk/

inflected form of “undertake” — enter upon an activity or enterprise

From this reading General Keith, like many others, though broken and wasted in body, undertook to rebuild with borrowed money, but with disastrous results.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

wastedadjectiveUS /ˈweɪstɪd/

serving no useful purpose; having no excuse for being

From this reading General Keith, like many others, though broken and wasted in body, undertook to rebuild with borrowed money, but with disastrous results.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Fragments of the structure that had once risen so fair and imposing still stood for a time, even after the foundations were undermined: a bastion here, a tower there; but in time they followed the general overthrow, and crumbled gradually to their fall, leaving only ruins and decay.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading GENERAL KEITH BECOMES AN OVERSEER When the war closed, though it was not recognized at first, the old civilization of the South passed away.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading General Keith, like many others, though broken and wasted in body, undertook to rebuild with borrowed money, but with disastrous results.

Chapter 2 of Gordon Keith by Thomas Nelson Page holds 266 sentences, grouped into 54 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Gordon Keith contain?

Chapter 2 holds 266 sentences of Gordon Keith, unabridged, divided into 54 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Gordon Keith by Thomas Nelson Page exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 266 sentences, grouped into 54 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Gordon Keith?

Work through the 54 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 54 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Gordon Keith

Common questions about reading Gordon Keith by Thomas Nelson Page on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Gordon Keith?

Yes. All 12653 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14068 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Gordon Keith is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14068, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gordon Keith take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2531 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Gordon Keith section by section

How to work through Gordon Keith section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 36 chapters of Gordon Keith to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Gordon Keith

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gordon Keith, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gordon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gordon Keith; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Keith
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gordon Keith; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gentleman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gordon Keith; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Honest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gordon Keith; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.