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Goslings
Goslings

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Goslings is here in full — 1381 sentences across 277 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.
The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.
These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.
Human law, on the other hand, is tentative, without sound precedent and in its very nature mutable.
In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Goslings

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Goslings is here in full — 1381 sentences across 277 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/276 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.
Line 2
The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.
Line 3
These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.
/ðiːz ˈlɑːrdʒər ˈɔːrdənənsɪz səmˈtaɪmz əˈpɪr ˌɪnˈfleksəbəl æz ɪn ðə doʊˈmeɪn ʌv ˈfɪzɪks ənd ˈkeməstri səmˈtaɪmz ˌemˈpɪrɪkəl æz ɪn ðə dɪˈveləpmənt ʌv ˈspiːʃiz bʌt wiː meɪ bɪˈliːv ðæt ɪf ðeɪ tʃeɪndʒ æt ɔːl ðə ˈpɪriəd ʌv tʃeɪndʒ ɪz soʊ ɡreɪt æz tuː biː ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈeni ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiː ʌv ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən baɪ ə fjuː ˈθaʊzənd ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz ʌv ˈmænˈkaɪnd/
Line 4
Human law, on the other hand, is tentative, without sound precedent and in its very nature mutable.
/ˈhjuːmən lɔː ɑːn ðə ˈʌðər hænd ɪz ˈtentətɪv wɪˈθaʊt saʊnd ˈpresɪdənt ənd ɪn ɪts ˈveri ˈneɪtʃər ˈmjuːtəbəl/
Line 5
In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.
/ɪn ˈaʊər ˈmɪzərəbli ˈlɪmətəd rəˈkɔːrd ʌv ˈhɪstəri ðæt ˈpɔːltri ten ˈθaʊzənd jɪrz wɪtʃ ɪz bʌt ə ˈsɪŋɡəl tɪk ʌv ðə ˈkɑːzmɪk wɑːtʃ wiː hæv bɪn əˈneɪbəl tuː ˈfɔːrmjəleɪt ˈeni ˈoʊvərruːlɪŋ lɔː tuː wɪtʃ ˈʌðər lɔːz ɑːr səbˈdʒekt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

biologist noun US /baɪˈɑːlədʒɪst/

(biology) a scientist who studies living organisms

From this reading “The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.”

empirical adjective US /ˌemˈpɪrɪkəl/

derived from experiment and observation rather than theory

From this reading “These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.”

formulate verb US /ˈfɔːrmjəleɪt/

elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses

From this reading “In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.”

mutable adjective US /ˈmjuːtəbəl/

capable of or tending to change in form or quality or nature

From this reading “Human law, on the other hand, is tentative, without sound precedent and in its very nature mutable.”

ordinances noun US /ˈɔːrdənənsɪz/

plural of “ordinance” — an authoritative rule

From this reading “The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.”

overruling verb US /ˈoʊvərruːlɪŋ/

-ing form of “overrule” — rule against

From this reading “In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.”

subversive noun US /səbˈvɜːrsɪv/

a radical supporter of political or social revolution

From this reading “The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.”

theologian noun US /ˌθiːəˈloʊdʒiən/

someone who is learned in theology or who speculates about theology

From this reading “The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

ten thousand noun + noun

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and one thousand

In this reading “In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.”

thousand years noun + noun

In this reading “In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.”

any possibility adjective + noun

In this reading “These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.”

other hand adjective + noun

In this reading “Human law, on the other hand, is tentative, without sound precedent and in its very nature mutable.”

of mankind preposition + noun

In this reading “WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.”

few thousand adjective + noun

In this reading “These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.”

of the universe preposition + article + noun counted as “of … universe”

In this reading “The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.”

human law adjective + noun

In this reading “WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

bigotnounUS /ˈbɪɡət/

a prejudiced person who is intolerant of any opinions differing from his own

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

biologistnounUS /baɪˈɑːlədʒɪst/

(biology) a scientist who studies living organisms

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

chemistrynounUS /ˈkeməstri/

the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

commonlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːmənli/

under normal conditions

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

cosmicadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːzmɪk/

of or from or pertaining to or characteristic of the cosmos or universe

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

domainnounUS /doʊˈmeɪn/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

empiricaladjectiveUS /ˌemˈpɪrɪkəl/

derived from experiment and observation rather than theory

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

formulateverbUS /ˈfɔːrmjəleɪt/

elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

generationsnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Human law, on the other hand, is tentative, without sound precedent and in its very nature mutable.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.

inflexibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfleksəbəl/

incapable of change

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Human law, on the other hand, is tentative, without sound precedent and in its very nature mutable.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.

lawgivernoun

a maker of laws; someone who gives a code of laws

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

limitedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪmətəd/

small in range or scope

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.

MAKINGnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.

mankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.

MARLOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

miserablyadverbUS /ˈmɪzərəbli/

in a miserable manner

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

mutableadjectiveUS /ˈmjuːtəbəl/

capable of or tending to change in form or quality or nature

From this reading Human law, on the other hand, is tentative, without sound precedent and in its very nature mutable.

mutuallyadverbUS /ˈmjuːtʃuːəli/

in a mutual or shared manner

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Human law, on the other hand, is tentative, without sound precedent and in its very nature mutable.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Human law, on the other hand, is tentative, without sound precedent and in its very nature mutable.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

ordinancesnounUS /ˈɔːrdənənsɪz/

plural of “ordinance” — an authoritative rule

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Human law, on the other hand, is tentative, without sound precedent and in its very nature mutable.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

overrulingverbUS /ˈoʊvərruːlɪŋ/

-ing form of “overrule” — rule against

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

paltryadjectiveUS /ˈpɔːltri/

not worth considering

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

physico-chemical

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

physicsnounUS /ˈfɪzɪks/

the science of matter and energy and their interactions

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

possibilitynounUS /ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiː/

a future prospect or potential

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

precedentnounUS /ˈpresɪdənt/

an example that is used to justify similar occurrences at a later time

From this reading Human law, on the other hand, is tentative, without sound precedent and in its very nature mutable.

recordnounUS /rəˈkɔːrd/

anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

referredverbUS /rəˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading Human law, on the other hand, is tentative, without sound precedent and in its very nature mutable.

speciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

subversivenounUS /səbˈvɜːrsɪv/

a radical supporter of political or social revolution

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

superioradjectiveUS /suːˈpɪriər/

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

tentativeadjectiveUS /ˈtentətɪv/

under terms not final or fully worked out or agreed upon

From this reading Human law, on the other hand, is tentative, without sound precedent and in its very nature mutable.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.

theologiannounUS /ˌθiːəˈloʊdʒiən/

someone who is learned in theology or who speculates about theology

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

ticknounUS /tɪk/

a metallic tapping sound

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.

unableadjectiveUS /əˈneɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) not having the necessary means or skill or know-how

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

universenounUS /ˈjuːnəvɜːrs/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Human law, on the other hand, is tentative, without sound precedent and in its very nature mutable.

watchverbUS /wɑːtʃ/

look attentively

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading These larger ordinances sometimes appear inflexible, as in the domain of physics and chemistry, sometimes empirical as in the development of species, but we may believe that if they change at all, the period of change is so great as to be outside any possibility of observation by a few thousand generations of mankind.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The larger ordinances of the universe are commonly referred to some superior lawgiver, under such names as God and physico-chemical action; names which appear mutually subversive only to the bigot, whether theologian or biologist.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Human law, on the other hand, is tentative, without sound precedent and in its very nature mutable.

WOMANKINDnoun

women as distinguished from men

From this reading WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.

XVIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of sixteen and one

From this reading WOMANKIND IN THE MAKING XVII--LONDON TO MARLOW The history of mankind is the history of human law.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading In our miserably limited record of history, that paltry ten thousand years which is but a single tick of the cosmic watch, we have been unable to formulate any overruling law to which other laws are subject.

Chapter 4 of Goslings by J. D. (John Davys) Beresford holds 1381 sentences, grouped into 277 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Goslings contain?

Chapter 4 holds 1381 sentences of Goslings, unabridged, divided into 277 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Goslings by J. D. (John Davys) Beresford exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 1381 sentences, grouped into 277 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Goslings?

Work through the 277 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 277 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Goslings

Common questions about reading Goslings by J. D. (John Davys) Beresford on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Goslings?

Yes. All 4555 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #53611 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Goslings is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #53611, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Goslings take to read?

About 379 minutes of reading across 911 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Goslings section by section

How to work through Goslings section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Goslings to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Goslings

Words and structures a reader meets early in Goslings, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Goslings; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hampdenshire
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Goslings; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wonder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Goslings; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Where's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Goslings; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.