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Gowrie
Gowrie

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Gowrie is here in full — 136 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Gowrie
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.
It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.
The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.
In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.
There were books--some closed, but some open, and displaying characters with which the young earl was perfectly unacquainted.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gowrie

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Gowrie is here in full — 136 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.
Line 2
It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.
Line 3
The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.
Line 4
In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.
Line 5
There were books--some closed, but some open, and displaying characters with which the young earl was perfectly unacquainted.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

angles noun US /ˈæŋɡəlz/

plural of “angle” — the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading “It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.”

displaying verb US /dɪˈspleɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “display” — to show, make visible or apparent

From this reading “There were books--some closed, but some open, and displaying characters with which the young earl was perfectly unacquainted.”

lancet noun US /ˈlænsət/

an acutely pointed Gothic arch, like a lance

From this reading “The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.”

octagonal adjective US /ɑːkˈtæɡənəl/

of or relating to or shaped like an octagon

From this reading “The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.”

peculiarly adverb US /pɪˈkjuːljərli/

uniquely or characteristically

From this reading “In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.”

projecting adjective US /prəˈdʒektɪŋ/

extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary

From this reading “It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.”

turret noun US /ˈtɜːrət/

a small tower extending above a building

From this reading “The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.”

turrets noun US /ˈtɜːrəts/

plural of “turret” — a small tower extending above a building

From this reading “It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

oaken table adjective + noun

In this reading “In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.”

through the windows preposition + article + noun counted as “through … windows”

In this reading “The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.”

In the centre preposition + article + noun counted as “in … centre”

In this reading “In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.”

strange confusion adjective + noun

In this reading “In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.”

city walls noun + noun counted as “city wall”

In this reading “The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.”

long past adjective + noun

In this reading “It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.”

rest of verb + particle

In this reading “In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

anglesnounUS /ˈæŋɡəlz/

plural of “angle” — the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading There were books--some closed, but some open, and displaying characters with which the young earl was perfectly unacquainted.

bridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

canalnounUS /kəˈnæl/

(astronomy) an indistinct surface feature of Mars once thought to be a system of channels; they are now believed to be an optical illusion

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

castellatedadjective

having or resembling repeated square indentations like those in a battlement

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

centrenounUS /ˈsentər/

a low-lying region in central France

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading There were books--some closed, but some open, and displaying characters with which the young earl was perfectly unacquainted.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

closedadjectiveUS /kloʊzd/

not open or affording passage or access

From this reading There were books--some closed, but some open, and displaying characters with which the young earl was perfectly unacquainted.

colouradjectiveUS /ˈkʌlər/

having or capable of producing colors

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

confusionnounUS /kənˈfjuːʒən/

disorder resulting from a failure to behave predictably

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

displayingverbUS /dɪˈspleɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “display” — to show, make visible or apparent

From this reading There were books--some closed, but some open, and displaying characters with which the young earl was perfectly unacquainted.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

flamenounUS /fleɪm/

A hot glowing body of ignited gas produced by fire.

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

gatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

Gowrie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

interioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

ItaliannounUS /ˌɪˈtæljən/

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

lampnounUS /læmp/

an artificial source of visible illumination

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

lancetnounUS /ˈlænsət/

an acutely pointed Gothic arch, like a lance

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

multitudinousadjective

too numerous to be counted

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

nobilitynounUS /noʊˈbɪləti/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

oakenadjective

consisting of or made of wood of the oak tree

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

objectsnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekts/

plural of “object” — a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

occasionallyadverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

octagonaladjectiveUS /ɑːkˈtæɡənəl/

of or relating to or shaped like an octagon

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading There were books--some closed, but some open, and displaying characters with which the young earl was perfectly unacquainted.

ornamenting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

peculiarlyadverbUS /pɪˈkjuːljərli/

uniquely or characteristically

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

perfectlyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrfəktli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

projectingadjectiveUS /prəˈdʒektɪŋ/

extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

starsnounUS /stɑːrz/

plural of “star” — (astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were books--some closed, but some open, and displaying characters with which the young earl was perfectly unacquainted.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

Treviso

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

turretnounUS /ˈtɜːrət/

a small tower extending above a building

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

turretsnounUS /ˈtɜːrəts/

plural of “turret” — a small tower extending above a building

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

twinklingnounUS /ˈtwɪŋkəlɪŋ/

a very short time (as the time it takes the eye to blink or the heart to beat)

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

unacquaintedadjective

not knowledgeable about something specified

From this reading There were books--some closed, but some open, and displaying characters with which the young earl was perfectly unacquainted.

underneathprepositionUS /ˌʌndərˈniːθ/

directly under, often hidden by what is above

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading It had probably, at some period long past, been the interior of one of those small projecting turrets which we still occasionally see ornamenting the angles of the ancient castellated houses of the Italian nobility.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The bridge leading towards the Treviso gate, and the small canal were underneath; the city walls rose up black beyond; but the turret was high above, and through the windows, on every side but that next to the city, were seen twinkling the bright and multitudinous stars of heaven.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading In the centre of the room was a large oaken table bearing a lamp, the flame of which was peculiarly bright and perfectly white in colour, and over the rest of the table were cast in strange confusion a number of curious objects.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading The room which the Earl of Gowrie entered was a small one of an octagonal shape, having tall lancet windows on every side but one.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading There were books--some closed, but some open, and displaying characters with which the young earl was perfectly unacquainted.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading There were books--some closed, but some open, and displaying characters with which the young earl was perfectly unacquainted.

Chapter 4 of Gowrie by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James holds 136 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Gowrie contain?

Chapter 4 holds 136 sentences of Gowrie, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Gowrie by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 136 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Gowrie?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Gowrie

Common questions about reading Gowrie by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Gowrie?

Yes. All 5774 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50518 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Gowrie is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50518, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gowrie take to read?

About 481 minutes of reading across 1155 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Gowrie section by section

How to work through Gowrie section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Gowrie to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Gowrie

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gowrie, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

King's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gowrie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
James
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gowrie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gowrie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Simpkin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gowrie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.