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Gowrie
Gowrie

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Gowrie is here in full — 125 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.
It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.
Gowrie himself was in no very jesting mood.
He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.
It was a dream, he thought--an idle dream, or else a hallucination.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gowrie

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Gowrie is here in full — 125 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.
Line 2
It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.
Line 3
Gowrie himself was in no very jesting mood.
Line 4
He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.
/hiː meɪd ɪt ɪz truː ˈevəri ˈefərt tuː ʃeɪk ɔːf ðə ˌɪmˈpreʃən prəˈduːst əˈpɑːn hɪz maɪnd baɪ ðə streɪndʒ ɪˈvents ˈleɪtli pæst/
Line 5
It was a dream, he thought--an idle dream, or else a hallucination.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

atone verb US /əˈtoʊn/

make amends for

From this reading “It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.”

declaring verb US /dɪˈklerɪŋ/

-ing form of “declare” — state emphatically and authoritatively

From this reading “It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.”

fashions noun US /ˈfæʃənz/

plural of “fashion” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading “It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.”

hallucination noun US /həˌluːsəˈneɪʃən/

illusory perception; a common symptom of severe mental disorder

From this reading “It was a dream, he thought--an idle dream, or else a hallucination.”

larder noun US /ˈlɑːrdər/

a supply of food especially for a household

From this reading “The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.”

lauding verb US /ˈlɔːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “laud” — praise, glorify, or honor

From this reading “It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.”

strengthen verb US /ˈstreŋθən/

make strong or stronger

From this reading “The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.”

superstition noun US /ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃən/

an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear

From this reading “It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

ample justice adjective + noun

In this reading “It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.”

shake off verb + particle

get rid of

In this reading “He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.”

atone for verb + particle

In this reading “It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.”

idle dream adjective + noun

In this reading “It was a dream, he thought--an idle dream, or else a hallucination.”

after the fashions preposition + article + noun counted as “after … fashion”

to some extent; not very well

In this reading “It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.”

strange events adjective + noun counted as “strange event”

In this reading “He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.”

well dressed adverb + adjective

In this reading “It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

ampleadjectiveUS /ˈæmpəl/

more than enough in size or scope or capacity

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was a dream, he thought--an idle dream, or else a hallucination.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

anxiousadjectiveUS /ˈæŋkʃəs/

eagerly desirous

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

atoneverbUS /əˈtoʊn/

make amends for

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

Barraux

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

claimnounUS /kleɪm/

an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

contrivedadjectiveUS /kənˈtraɪvd/

showing effects of planning or manipulation

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

day'snounUS /deɪz/

possessive form of “day” — time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

declaringverbUS /dɪˈklerɪŋ/

-ing form of “declare” — state emphatically and authoritatively

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

dreamnounUS /driːm/

A series of thoughts, images, or emotions during sleep.

From this reading It was a dream, he thought--an idle dream, or else a hallucination.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

eatingnounUS /ˈiːtɪŋ/

the act of consuming food

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

effortnounUS /ˈefərt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a dream, he thought--an idle dream, or else a hallucination.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.

fashionsnounUS /ˈfæʃənz/

plural of “fashion” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

gailyadverbUS /ˈɡeɪli/

in a gay manner

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

Gowrie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gowrie himself was in no very jesting mood.

guestsnounUS /ɡests/

plural of “guest” — a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

hallucinationnounUS /həˌluːsəˈneɪʃən/

illusory perception; a common symptom of severe mental disorder

From this reading It was a dream, he thought--an idle dream, or else a hallucination.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Gowrie himself was in no very jesting mood.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

idleadjectiveUS /ˈaɪdəl/

not in action or at work

From this reading It was a dream, he thought--an idle dream, or else a hallucination.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

impressionnounUS /ˌɪmˈpreʃən/

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Gowrie himself was in no very jesting mood.

innnounUS /ɪn/

a hotel providing overnight lodging for travelers

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

jestingadjective

characterized by jokes and good humor

From this reading Gowrie himself was in no very jesting mood.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

landlordnounUS /ˈlændlɔːrd/

a landowner who leases to others

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

lardernounUS /ˈlɑːrdər/

a supply of food especially for a household

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

latelyadverbUS /ˈleɪtli/

in the recent past

From this reading He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.

laudingverbUS /ˈlɔːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “laud” — praise, glorify, or honor

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

materialsnounUS /məˈtɪriəlz/

plural of “material” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

meritnounUS /ˈmerət/

any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

meritsnounUS /ˈmerəts/

plural of “merit” — any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.

moodnounUS /muːd/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading Gowrie himself was in no very jesting mood.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Gowrie himself was in no very jesting mood.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It was a dream, he thought--an idle dream, or else a hallucination.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.

popishadjective

of or relating to or supporting Romanism

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

procureverbUS /proʊˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.

providedverbUS /prəˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

Rhind

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

shakeverbUS /ʃeɪk/

move or cause to move back and forth

From this reading He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

sinsnounUS /sɪnz/

plural of “sin” — estrangement from god

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.

strengthenverbUS /ˈstreŋθən/

make strong or stronger

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

substantialadjectiveUS /səbˈstænʃəl/

of considerable importance, size, or worth

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

supererogationnoun

an effort above and beyond the call of duty

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

superstitionnounUS /ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃən/

an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading It was a dream, he thought--an idle dream, or else a hallucination.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

travellersnounUS /ˈtrævələrz/

plural of “traveller” — a person who changes location

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading He made, it is true, every effort to shake off the impression produced upon his mind by the strange events lately passed.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The landlord of the inn at Barraux had been up before any of his guests; and anxious to show that his larder was not always so ill provided as it had been the night before, he had contrived to procure materials for a very substantial breakfast, to strengthen the travellers for their day's journey.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading It was well dressed, too, after the fashions of that day, and good Mr. Rhind did ample justice to its merits both by eating and lauding it, gaily declaring that the morning made up for the evening, and that, according to the popish superstition, the landlord might claim the merit of some works of supererogation over and above those necessary to atone for the sins of the night before.

Chapter 11 of Gowrie by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James holds 125 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Gowrie contain?

Chapter 11 holds 125 sentences of Gowrie, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Gowrie by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 125 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Gowrie?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Gowrie

Common questions about reading Gowrie by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Gowrie?

Yes. All 5774 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50518 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Gowrie is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50518, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gowrie take to read?

About 481 minutes of reading across 1155 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Gowrie section by section

How to work through Gowrie section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Gowrie to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Gowrie

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gowrie, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

King's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gowrie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
James
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gowrie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gowrie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Simpkin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gowrie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.