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Graham of Claverhouse
Graham of Claverhouse

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of Graham of Claverhouse is here in full — 210 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.
According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.
The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.
They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.
He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Graham of Claverhouse

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of Graham of Claverhouse is here in full — 210 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.
Line 2
According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.
/əˈkɔːrdɪŋ ˈɔːlsoʊ tuː ðə ˈbraɪtnəs ənd ˈfreʃnəs ʌv ðə ˈɜːrli ˈsʌnʃaɪn wɑːz hɪz haɪ hoʊp ɑːn ðə ɪˈventfəl deɪ wɪtʃ wɑːz tuː ˌdɪˈsaɪd boʊθ ðə feɪt ʌv hɪz kɪŋ ənd ʌv hɪmˈself/
Line 3
The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.
/ðə ˈpaʊərz ʌv ˈdɑːrknəs hæd əˈtækt hɪm ɑːn ˈevəri saɪd əˈpiːlɪŋ tuː hɪz fɪr ənd tuː hɪz feɪθ tuː hɪz lʌv ənd tuː hɪz heɪt tuː hɪz praɪd ənd tuː hɪz ˈdʒeləsi tuː siː ˈweðər ðeɪ kʊd nɑːt ʃeɪk hɪz ˈkɑːnstənsi ənd breɪk hɪz ˈspɪrət/
Line 4
They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.
/ðeɪ hæd feɪld æt ˈevəri əˈsɔːlt ənd hiː hæd ˈkɑːŋkərd hiː hæd ˈrɪzən əˈbʌv hɪz ˈɡoʊstli ˈenəmiz ənd əˈbʌv hɪmˈself ənd naʊ ˈhævɪŋ stʊd fæst əˈɡenst ˌprɪnsɪˈpælɪtiz ənd ˈpaʊərz ʌv ðə ˈʌðər wɜːrld hiː wɑːz kənˈvɪnst ðæt hɪz ˈɜːrθli ˈenəmiz wʊd biː ˈdrɪvən bɪˈfɔːr hɪm æz tʃæf bɪˈfɔːr ðə waɪnd/
Line 5
He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

anointed verb US /əˈnɔɪntɪd/

past form of “anoint” — choose by or as if by divine intervention

From this reading “He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.”

appealing adjective US /əˈpiːlɪŋ/

able to attract interest or draw favorable attention

From this reading “The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.”

chaff verb US /tʃæf/

be silly or tease one another

From this reading “They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.”

constancy noun US /ˈkɑːnstənsi/

the quality of being enduring and free from change or variation

From this reading “The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.”

eventful adjective US /ɪˈventfəl/

full of events or incidents

From this reading “According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.”

freshness noun US /ˈfreʃnəs/

the property of being pure and fresh (as if newly made); not stale or deteriorated

From this reading “According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.”

ghostly adjective US /ˈɡoʊstli/

resembling or characteristic of a phantom

From this reading “They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.”

principalities noun US /ˌprɪnsɪˈpælɪtiz/

plural of “principality” — territory ruled by a prince

From this reading “They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eventful day adjective + noun

In this reading “According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.”

UNTO DEATH preposition + noun

In this reading “FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.”

chaff before verb + particle

In this reading “They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.”

knew exactly verb + particle counted as “know exactly”

In this reading “He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.”

summer night noun + noun

In this reading “FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.”

before the wind preposition + article + noun counted as “before … wind”

In this reading “They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.”

in the morning preposition + article + noun counted as “in … morning”

In this reading “FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.”

All words in this reading · 118

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

AccordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

anointedverbUS /əˈnɔɪntɪd/

past form of “anoint” — choose by or as if by divine intervention

From this reading He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

appealingadjectiveUS /əˈpiːlɪŋ/

able to attract interest or draw favorable attention

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

assaultnounUS /əˈsɔːlt/

close fighting during the culmination of a military attack

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

attackedverbUS /əˈtækt/

past form of “attack” — launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

breakverbUS /breɪk/

terminate

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

brightnessnounUS /ˈbraɪtnəs/

the location of a visual perception along a continuum from black to white

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

chaffverbUS /tʃæf/

be silly or tease one another

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

Claverhouse's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

cometh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

conqueredverbUS /ˈkɑːŋkərd/

past form of “conquer” — bring under control by force or authority

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

constancynounUS /ˈkɑːnstənsi/

the quality of being enduring and free from change or variation

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

convincedadjectiveUS /kənˈvɪnst/

persuaded of; very sure

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

DEATHnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

decideverbUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪd/

reach, make, or come to a decision about something

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

earthlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrθli/

of or belonging to or characteristic of this earth as distinguished from heaven

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

endureverbUS /enˈdjʊr/

put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

eventfuladjectiveUS /ɪˈventfəl/

full of events or incidents

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

exactlyadverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

failedverbUS /feɪld/

past form of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

faithnounUS /feɪθ/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

FAITHFULadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪθfəl/

steadfast in affection or allegiance

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

fastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

freshnessnounUS /ˈfreʃnəs/

the property of being pure and fresh (as if newly made); not stale or deteriorated

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

ghostlyadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊstli/

resembling or characteristic of a phantom

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

hatenounUS /heɪt/

the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

issueverbUS /ˈɪʃuː/

prepare and issue for public distribution or sale

From this reading He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

jealousynounUS /ˈdʒeləsi/

a feeling of jealous envy (especially of a rival)

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

MacKay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

mercynounUS /ˈmɜːrsi/

leniency and compassion shown toward offenders by a person or agency charged with administering justice

From this reading He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

powersnounUS /ˈpaʊərz/

plural of “power” — possession of controlling influence

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

principalitiesnounUS /ˌprɪnsɪˈpælɪtiz/

plural of “principality” — territory ruled by a prince

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

risenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪzən/

(of e.g. celestial bodies) above the horizon

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

shakeverbUS /ʃeɪk/

move or cause to move back and forth

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

sunshinenounUS /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/

the rays of the sun

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

surelyadverbUS /ˈʃʊrli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

UNTOprepositionUS /ˈʌntuː/

an old word for “to”

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

weepingadjectiveUS /ˈwiːpɪŋ/

showing sorrow

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading The powers of darkness had attacked him on every side, appealing to his fear and to his faith, to his love and to his hate, to his pride and to his jealousy, to see whether they could not shake his constancy and break his spirit.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading According, also, to the brightness and freshness of the early sunshine was his high hope on the eventful day, which was to decide both the fate of his king and of himself.

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He knew exactly what MacKay and his army could do, and what he and his army could, in the place of issue, where, by the mercy of God, Who surely was on the side of His anointed, the battle would be fought.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading They had failed at every assault, and he had conquered; he had risen above his ghostly enemies and above himself, and now, having stood fast against principalities and powers of the other world, he was convinced that his earthly enemies would be driven before him as chaff before the wind.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH It is written in an ancient book "weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," and with the brief darkness of the summer night passed the shadow from Claverhouse's soul.

Chapter 15 of Graham of Claverhouse by Ian Maclaren holds 210 sentences, grouped into 42 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of Graham of Claverhouse contain?

Chapter 15 holds 210 sentences of Graham of Claverhouse, unabridged, divided into 42 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of Graham of Claverhouse by Ian Maclaren exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 210 sentences, grouped into 42 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of Graham of Claverhouse?

Work through the 42 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 42 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Graham of Claverhouse

Common questions about reading Graham of Claverhouse by Ian Maclaren on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Graham of Claverhouse?

Yes. All 2531 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30022 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Graham of Claverhouse is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30022, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Graham of Claverhouse take to read?

About 210 minutes of reading across 507 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Graham of Claverhouse section by section

How to work through Graham of Claverhouse section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of Graham of Claverhouse to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Graham of Claverhouse

Words and structures a reader meets early in Graham of Claverhouse, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Beside
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Graham of Claverhouse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bonnie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Graham of Claverhouse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Brier
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Graham of Claverhouse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Carnegie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Graham of Claverhouse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.