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Grammar-land
Grammar-land

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Grammar-land is here in full — 95 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MR.
PRONOUN.
When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.
Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.
Now, stand aside, and let Mr. Pronoun come forward.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Grammar-land

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Grammar-land is here in full — 95 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MR.
/ˈmɪstər/
Line 2
PRONOUN.
/ˈproʊnaʊn/
Line 3
When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.
Line 4
Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.
/puːr ˈlɪtəl ˈɑːrtəkəl sed ˈnʌθɪŋ ənd noʊ wʌn ˈhævɪŋ əbˈdʒektəd tuː ˈeni ʌv ðə wɜːrdz ðə dʒʌdʒ sed ˈmɪstər naʊn ənd ˈɑːrtəkəl sɪns noʊ wʌn faɪndz fɔːlt wɪð ðə wɜːrdz ðæt juː kleɪm aɪ dɪˈkler ðem tuː biː ˈlɔːfəli jʊrz/
Line 5
Now, stand aside, and let Mr. Pronoun come forward.”
/naʊ stænd əˈsaɪd ənd let ˈmɪstər ˈproʊnaʊn kʌm ˈfɔːrwərd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Article's noun US /ˈɑːrtɪkəlz/

possessive form of “article” — nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

behaviour noun US /bɪˈheɪvjər/

the action or reaction of something (as a machine or substance) under specified circumstances

From this reading “When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.”

lawfully adverb US /ˈlɔːfəli/

in a manner acceptable to common custom

From this reading “Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.”

lists noun US /lɪsts/

plural of “list” — a database containing an ordered array of items (names or topics)

From this reading “When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.”

Noun noun US /naʊn/

a content word that can be used to refer to a person, place, thing, quality, or action

From this reading “Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.”

nouns noun US /naʊnz/

plural of “noun” — a content word that can be used to refer to a person, place, thing, quality, or action

From this reading “When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.”

objected verb US /əbˈdʒektəd/

past form of “object” — express or raise an objection or protest or criticism or express dissent

From this reading “Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.”

pronoun noun US /ˈproʊnaʊn/

a function word that is used in place of a noun or noun phrase

From this reading “PRONOUN.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

read aloud verb + particle

In this reading “When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.”

stand aside verb + particle

In this reading “Now, stand aside, and let Mr. Pronoun come forward.””

finds fault verb + noun counted as “find fault”

harass with constant criticism

In this reading “Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.”

glance at verb + particle

In this reading “When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.”

come forward verb + particle

make oneself visible; take action

In this reading “Now, stand aside, and let Mr. Pronoun come forward.””

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

aloudadverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

using the voice; not silently

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

ArticlenounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəl/

nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

Article'snounUS /ˈɑːrtɪkəlz/

possessive form of “article” — nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

articlesnounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəlz/

plural of “article” — nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

asideadverbUS /əˈsaɪd/

on or to one side

From this reading Now, stand aside, and let Mr. Pronoun come forward.”

assembledverbUS /əˈsembəld/

past form of “assemble” — create by putting components or members together

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

behaviournounUS /bɪˈheɪvjər/

the action or reaction of something (as a machine or substance) under specified circumstances

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

castingnounUS /ˈkæstɪŋ/

object formed by a mold

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

claimnounUS /kleɪm/

an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Now, stand aside, and let Mr. Pronoun come forward.”

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

declareverbUS /dɪˈkler/

state emphatically and authoritatively

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

faultnounUS /fɔːlt/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

findsnounUS /faɪndz/

plural of “find” — a productive insight

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading Now, stand aside, and let Mr. Pronoun come forward.”

glanceverbUS /ɡlæns/

throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

impudentadjective

marked by casual disrespect

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

JudgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

lawfullyadverbUS /ˈlɔːfəli/

in a manner acceptable to common custom

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Now, stand aside, and let Mr. Pronoun come forward.”

listsnounUS /lɪsts/

plural of “list” — a database containing an ordered array of items (names or topics)

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

MRnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading MR.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

NounnounUS /naʊn/

a content word that can be used to refer to a person, place, thing, quality, or action

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

nounsnounUS /naʊnz/

plural of “noun” — a content word that can be used to refer to a person, place, thing, quality, or action

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now, stand aside, and let Mr. Pronoun come forward.”

objectedverbUS /əbˈdʒektəd/

past form of “object” — express or raise an objection or protest or criticism or express dissent

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

PooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

PRONOUNnounUS /ˈproʊnaʊn/

a function word that is used in place of a noun or noun phrase

From this reading PRONOUN.

punishmentnounUS /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

the act of punishing

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading Now, stand aside, and let Mr. Pronoun come forward.”

sternadjectiveUS /stɜːrn/

of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When the court next assembled, the Judge read aloud all the nouns and articles on the lists, casting a stern glance at little Article at each _a_, _an_, or _the_ that he came to, in order to show that they were put in as a punishment for Article’s impudent behaviour the day before.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

yourspronounUS /jʊrz/

the one or ones belonging to the person spoken to

From this reading Poor little Article said nothing, and no one having objected to any of the words, the Judge said: “Mr. Noun and Article, since no one finds fault with the words that you claim, I declare them to be lawfully yours.

Chapter 4 of Grammar-land by M. L. Nesbitt holds 95 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Grammar-land contain?

Chapter 4 holds 95 sentences of Grammar-land, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Grammar-land by M. L. Nesbitt exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 95 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Grammar-land?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Grammar-land

Common questions about reading Grammar-land by M. L. Nesbitt on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Grammar-land?

Yes. All 1319 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #66712 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Grammar-land is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #66712, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Grammar-land take to read?

About 109 minutes of reading across 264 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Grammar-land section by section

How to work through Grammar-land section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Grammar-land to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Grammar-land

Words and structures a reader meets early in Grammar-land, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Frontispiece
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grammar-land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Initials
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grammar-land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Waddy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grammar-land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dedicated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grammar-land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.