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Grammar-land
Grammar-land

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of Grammar-land is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ADVERB.
Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”
Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.
No, no, we have had enough with the Nominative Case; we will not have another case brought in.
You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Grammar-land

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of Grammar-land is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ADVERB.
/ˈædvərb/
Line 2
Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”
Line 3
Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.
/waɪ maɪ lɔːrd wen hiː ɪz ɪn ðə əbˈdʒektɪv keɪs aɪ ˈɑːbdʒekt aɪ ˈɑːbdʒekt ɪkˈskleɪmd ðə dʒʌdʒ waɪl ə ˈdʒenərəl ˈmɜːrmər ʌv dɪsəˈpruːvəl ræn θruː ðə kɔːrt/
Line 4
No, no, we have had enough with the Nominative Case; we will not have another case brought in.
Line 5
You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.
/juː ɔːt tuː biː əˈʃeɪmd ʌv jərˈself sɜːr tuː kiːp ʌs ˈlɪsənɪŋ tuː jɔːr ˈnɑːnsens əˈbaʊt æn əbˈdʒektɪv keɪs waɪl jɔːr dɪˈvoʊtɪd frend ˈædvərb ɪz ˈweɪtɪŋ tuː biː hɜːrd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adverb noun US /ˈædvərb/

the word class that qualifies verbs or clauses

From this reading “ADVERB.”

complaint noun US /kəmˈpleɪnt/

an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading ““Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.””

disapproval noun US /dɪsəˈpruːvəl/

a feeling of disliking something or what someone is doing

From this reading ““Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.”

Grammar noun US /ˈɡræmər/

the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)

From this reading ““Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.””

murmur noun US /ˈmɜːrmər/

a low continuous indistinct sound; often accompanied by movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech

From this reading ““Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.”

Objective adjective US /əbˈdʒektɪv/

undistorted by emotion or personal bias; based on observable phenomena

From this reading ““Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.”

Pronoun noun US /ˈproʊnaʊn/

a function word that is used in place of a noun or noun phrase

From this reading ““Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.””

Verb noun US /vɜːrb/

the word class that serves as the predicate of a sentence

From this reading ““Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.””

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

next day adjective + noun

In this reading ““Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.””

devoted friend adjective + noun

In this reading “You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.”

ran through verb + particle counted as “run through”

apply thoroughly; think through

In this reading ““Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.

ADVERBnounUS /ˈædvərb/

the word class that qualifies verbs or clauses

From this reading ADVERB.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading “No, no, we have had enough with the Nominative Case; we will not have another case brought in.

ashamedadjectiveUS /əˈʃeɪmd/

feeling shame or guilt or embarrassment or remorse

From this reading You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading “No, no, we have had enough with the Nominative Case; we will not have another case brought in.

CasenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

complaintnounUS /kəmˈpleɪnt/

an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.

disapprovalnounUS /dɪsəˈpruːvəl/

a feeling of disliking something or what someone is doing

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading “No, no, we have had enough with the Nominative Case; we will not have another case brought in.

exclaimedverbUS /ɪkˈskleɪmd/

past form of “exclaim” — utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

GrammarnounUS /ˈɡræmər/

the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading “No, no, we have had enough with the Nominative Case; we will not have another case brought in.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “No, no, we have had enough with the Nominative Case; we will not have another case brought in.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

JudgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.

listeningnounUS /ˈlɪsənɪŋ/

the act of hearing attentively

From this reading You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.

lordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

murmurnounUS /ˈmɜːrmər/

a low continuous indistinct sound; often accompanied by movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading “No, no, we have had enough with the Nominative Case; we will not have another case brought in.

Nominativeadjective

serving as or indicating the subject of a verb and words identified with the subject of a copular verb

From this reading “No, no, we have had enough with the Nominative Case; we will not have another case brought in.

nonsensenounUS /ˈnɑːnsens/

a message that seems to convey no meaning

From this reading You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading “No, no, we have had enough with the Nominative Case; we will not have another case brought in.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

ObjectiveadjectiveUS /əbˈdʒektɪv/

undistorted by emotion or personal bias; based on observable phenomena

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.

PronounnounUS /ˈproʊnaʊn/

a function word that is used in place of a noun or noun phrase

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

sirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.

VerbnounUS /vɜːrb/

the word class that serves as the predicate of a sentence

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

waitingnounUS /ˈweɪtɪŋ/

the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something)

From this reading You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading “No, no, we have had enough with the Nominative Case; we will not have another case brought in.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

WhynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading “Why, my lord, when he is in the Objective Case----” “I object, I object!” exclaimed the Judge, while a general murmur of disapproval ran through the court.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading “No, no, we have had enough with the Nominative Case; we will not have another case brought in.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading “No, no, we have had enough with the Nominative Case; we will not have another case brought in.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “Now Dr. Verb,” said Judge Grammar, next day, “I am ready to hear what is your great complaint against Pronoun.”

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading You ought to be ashamed of yourself, sir, to keep us listening to your nonsense about an Objective case, while your devoted friend Adverb is waiting to be heard.

Chapter 13 of Grammar-land by M. L. Nesbitt holds 66 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of Grammar-land contain?

Chapter 13 holds 66 sentences of Grammar-land, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of Grammar-land by M. L. Nesbitt exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 66 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of Grammar-land?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #66712, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Grammar-land

Words and structures a reader meets early in Grammar-land, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Frontispiece
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grammar-land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Initials
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grammar-land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Waddy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grammar-land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dedicated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grammar-land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.