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Grammar-land
Grammar-land

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Grammar-land is here in full — 97 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ACTIVE VERBS GOVERN THE OBJECTIVE CASE.
“And now, gentlemen,” said Judge Grammar, when next they were assembled.
“But what is the matter, Dr. Verb?
What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.
“A petition, your lordship,” said Dr. Verb, solemnly; “I beg for justice.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Grammar-land

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Grammar-land is here in full — 97 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ACTIVE VERBS GOVERN THE OBJECTIVE CASE.
/ˈæktɪv vɜːrbz ˈɡʌvərn ðə əbˈdʒektɪv keɪs/
Line 2
“And now, gentlemen,” said Judge Grammar, when next they were assembled.
/ənd naʊ ˈdʒentəlmɪn sed dʒʌdʒ ˈɡræmər wen nekst ðeɪ wɜːr əˈsembəld/
Line 3
“But what is the matter, Dr. Verb?
Line 4
What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.
Line 5
“A petition, your lordship,” said Dr. Verb, solemnly; “I beg for justice.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

govern verb US /ˈɡʌvərn/

bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations

From this reading “ACTIVE VERBS GOVERN THE OBJECTIVE CASE.”

Grammar noun US /ˈɡræmər/

the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)

From this reading ““And now, gentlemen,” said Judge Grammar, when next they were assembled.”

interrupting verb US /ˌɪntərˈʌptɪŋ/

-ing form of “interrupt” — make a break in

From this reading “What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.”

lordship noun US /ˈlɔːrdʃɪp/

a title used to address any British peer except a duke and extended to a bishop or a judge

From this reading ““A petition, your lordship,” said Dr. Verb, solemnly; “I beg for justice.”

objective adjective US /əbˈdʒektɪv/

undistorted by emotion or personal bias; based on observable phenomena

From this reading “ACTIVE VERBS GOVERN THE OBJECTIVE CASE.”

petition noun US /pəˈtɪʃən/

a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority

From this reading ““A petition, your lordship,” said Dr. Verb, solemnly; “I beg for justice.”

Verb noun US /vɜːrb/

the word class that serves as the predicate of a sentence

From this reading ““But what is the matter, Dr. Verb?”

verbs noun US /vɜːrbz/

plural of “verb” — the word class that serves as the predicate of a sentence

From this reading “ACTIVE VERBS GOVERN THE OBJECTIVE CASE.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

beg for verb + particle

In this reading ““A petition, your lordship,” said Dr. Verb, solemnly; “I beg for justice.”

All words in this reading · 51

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

ACTIVEadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading ACTIVE VERBS GOVERN THE OBJECTIVE CASE.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “And now, gentlemen,” said Judge Grammar, when next they were assembled.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

assembledverbUS /əˈsembəld/

past form of “assemble” — create by putting components or members together

From this reading “And now, gentlemen,” said Judge Grammar, when next they were assembled.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

begverbUS /beɡ/

call upon in supplication; entreat

From this reading “A petition, your lordship,” said Dr. Verb, solemnly; “I beg for justice.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading “But what is the matter, Dr. Verb?

CASEnounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading ACTIVE VERBS GOVERN THE OBJECTIVE CASE.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “But what is the matter, Dr. Verb?

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

gentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading “And now, gentlemen,” said Judge Grammar, when next they were assembled.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

GOVERNverbUS /ˈɡʌvərn/

bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations

From this reading ACTIVE VERBS GOVERN THE OBJECTIVE CASE.

GrammarnounUS /ˈɡræmər/

the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)

From this reading “And now, gentlemen,” said Judge Grammar, when next they were assembled.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

holdingnounUS /ˈhoʊldɪŋ/

the act of retaining something

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “A petition, your lordship,” said Dr. Verb, solemnly; “I beg for justice.

interruptingverbUS /ˌɪntərˈʌptɪŋ/

-ing form of “interrupt” — make a break in

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “But what is the matter, Dr. Verb?

JudgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading “And now, gentlemen,” said Judge Grammar, when next they were assembled.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading “A petition, your lordship,” said Dr. Verb, solemnly; “I beg for justice.

kneenounUS /niː/

hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

lordshipnounUS /ˈlɔːrdʃɪp/

a title used to address any British peer except a duke and extended to a bishop or a judge

From this reading “A petition, your lordship,” said Dr. Verb, solemnly; “I beg for justice.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading “But what is the matter, Dr. Verb?

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading “And now, gentlemen,” said Judge Grammar, when next they were assembled.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading “And now, gentlemen,” said Judge Grammar, when next they were assembled.

OBJECTIVEadjectiveUS /əbˈdʒektɪv/

undistorted by emotion or personal bias; based on observable phenomena

From this reading ACTIVE VERBS GOVERN THE OBJECTIVE CASE.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

petitionnounUS /pəˈtɪʃən/

a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority

From this reading “A petition, your lordship,” said Dr. Verb, solemnly; “I beg for justice.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “And now, gentlemen,” said Judge Grammar, when next they were assembled.

solemnlyadverbUS /ˈsɔːləmli/

in a grave and sedate manner

From this reading “A petition, your lordship,” said Dr. Verb, solemnly; “I beg for justice.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ACTIVE VERBS GOVERN THE OBJECTIVE CASE.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “And now, gentlemen,” said Judge Grammar, when next they were assembled.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

VerbnounUS /vɜːrb/

the word class that serves as the predicate of a sentence

From this reading “But what is the matter, Dr. Verb?

VERBSnounUS /vɜːrbz/

plural of “verb” — the word class that serves as the predicate of a sentence

From this reading ACTIVE VERBS GOVERN THE OBJECTIVE CASE.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What is this about?” he asked, interrupting himself, for Dr. Verb had gone down on one knee before the Judge, and was holding out a paper to him.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “And now, gentlemen,” said Judge Grammar, when next they were assembled.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading “But what is the matter, Dr. Verb?

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading “And now, gentlemen,” said Judge Grammar, when next they were assembled.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “A petition, your lordship,” said Dr. Verb, solemnly; “I beg for justice.

Chapter 17 of Grammar-land by M. L. Nesbitt holds 97 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Grammar-land contain?

Chapter 17 holds 97 sentences of Grammar-land, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Grammar-land by M. L. Nesbitt exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 97 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Grammar-land?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Grammar-land

Common questions about reading Grammar-land by M. L. Nesbitt on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Grammar-land?

Yes. All 1319 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #66712 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Grammar-land is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #66712, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Grammar-land take to read?

About 109 minutes of reading across 264 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Grammar-land

Words and structures a reader meets early in Grammar-land, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Frontispiece
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grammar-land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Initials
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grammar-land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Waddy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grammar-land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dedicated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grammar-land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.