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Grapes of Wrath
Grapes of Wrath

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Grapes of Wrath is here in full — 270 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/54 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.
The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.
It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.
Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.
The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Grapes of Wrath

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Grapes of Wrath is here in full — 270 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/54 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.
Line 2
The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.
/ðə reɪn hæd siːst ə fjuː ˈaʊərz bɪˈfɔːr bʌt ðə trentʃ wɑːz stɪl ˈsɑːpɪŋ wet ənd θɪk wɪð ˈstɪki mʌd/
Line 3
It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈbædli ˈbætərd ənd ˈbroʊkən daʊn ənd wɑːz ˈlɪtəl mɔːr fɔːr ðə moʊst pɑːrt ðæn æn ˌɪˈreɡjələr ənd ˈʃæloʊ dɪtʃ hæf fɪld wɪð ˈʃætərd ˈtɪmbərz ˈfɑːlən ɜːrθ fʊl ənd bɜːrst ˈsændbæɡz/
Line 4
Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.
Line 5
The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

explosions noun US /ɪkˈsploʊʒənz/

plural of “explosion” — a violent release of energy caused by a chemical or nuclear reaction

From this reading “Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.”

galling adjective US /ˈɡɔːlɪŋ/

causing irritation or annoyance

From this reading “THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.”

pelting noun US /ˈpeltɪŋ/

anything happening rapidly or in quick successive

From this reading “THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.”

Pug noun US /pʌɡ/

small compact smooth-coated breed of Asiatic origin having a tightly curled tail and broad flat wrinkled muzzle

From this reading “THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.”

sandbags noun US /ˈsændbæɡz/

plural of “sandbag” — a bag filled with sand; used as a weapon or to build walls or as ballast

From this reading “It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.”

screech noun US /skriːtʃ/

a high-pitched noise resembling a human cry

From this reading “THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.”

sopping adverb US /ˈsɑːpɪŋ/

extremely wet

From this reading “The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.”

uninjured adjective US /əˈnɪndʒərd/

not injured physically or mentally

From this reading “Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

strongly built adverb + adjective

In this reading “Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.”

few hours adjective + noun

In this reading “The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.”

some sort adjective + noun

In this reading “The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.”

stretches of verb + particle counted as “stretch of”

In this reading “Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.”

from somewhere preposition + adverb

In this reading “THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.”

far out adverb + adjective

In this reading “THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.”

crash of verb + particle

In this reading “THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.”

All words in this reading · 121

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

affordverbUS /əˈfɔːrd/

be able to spare or give up

From this reading The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

ATTACKnounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

badlyadverbUS /ˈbædli/

to a severe or serious degree

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

batteredadjectiveUS /ˈbætərd/

damaged by blows or hard usage

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.

blownadjectiveUS /bloʊn/

being moved or acted upon by moving air or vapor

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

burstverbUS /bɜːrst/

come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

burstingverbUS /ˈbɜːrstɪŋ/

-ing form of “burst” — come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.

comparativelyadverbUS /kəmˈperətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

COUNTERnounUS /ˈkaʊntər/

table consisting of a horizontal surface over which business is transacted

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

coververbUS /ˈkʌvər/

provide with a covering or cause to be covered

From this reading The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.

crashverbUS /kræʃ/

fall or come down violently

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

crumblingverbUS /ˈkrʌmbəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “crumble” — fall apart

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

diggingnounUS /ˈdɪɡɪŋ/

the act of digging

From this reading The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.

ditchnounUS /dɪtʃ/

a long narrow excavation in the earth

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

energeticallyadverbUS /ˌenərˈdʒetɪkli/

in an energetic manner

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

enfiladenoun

gunfire directed along the length rather than the breadth of a formation

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

explosionsnounUS /ɪkˈsploʊʒənz/

plural of “explosion” — a violent release of energy caused by a chemical or nuclear reaction

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

fellownounUS /ˈfeloʊ/

a boy or man

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

flanknounUS /flæŋk/

the side of military or naval formation

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

gallingadjectiveUS /ˈɡɔːlɪŋ/

causing irritation or annoyance

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

hastenedverbUS /ˈheɪsənd/

past form of “hasten” — act or move at high speed

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.

irregularadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈreɡjələr/

contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

KentuckynounUS /kənˈtʌki/

a state in east central United States; a border state during the American Civil War; famous for breeding race horses

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

machine-gun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

movementsnounUS /ˈmuːvmənts/

plural of “movement” — a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

mudnounUS /mʌd/

water soaked soil; soft wet earth

From this reading The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

peltingnounUS /ˈpeltɪŋ/

anything happening rapidly or in quick successive

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

pilingnounUS /ˈpaɪlɪŋ/

a column of wood or steel or concrete that is driven into the ground to provide support for a structure

From this reading The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

protectionnounUS /prəˈtekʃən/

the activity of protecting someone or something

From this reading The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.

PugnounUS /pʌɡ/

small compact smooth-coated breed of Asiatic origin having a tightly curled tail and broad flat wrinkled muzzle

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.

puttingnounUS /ˈpʌtɪŋ/

hitting a golf ball that is on the green using a putter

From this reading The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.

reachingnounUS /ˈriːtʃɪŋ/

the act of physically reaching or thrusting out

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

refillingnoun

filling again by supplying what has been used up

From this reading The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.

rifleverbUS /ˈraɪfəl/

steal goods; take as spoils

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

sandbagsnounUS /ˈsændbæɡz/

plural of “sandbag” — a bag filled with sand; used as a weapon or to build walls or as ballast

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

screechnounUS /skriːtʃ/

a high-pitched noise resembling a human cry

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

shakenadjectiveUS /ˈʃeɪkən/

disturbed psychologically as if by a physical jolt or shock

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

shallowadjectiveUS /ˈʃæloʊ/

lacking physical depth; having little spatial extension downward or inward from an outer surface or backward or outward from a center

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.

shatteredadjectiveUS /ˈʃætərd/

ruined or disrupted

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

shellnounUS /ʃel/

ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

shellsnounUS /ʃelz/

plural of “shell” — ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

somewhereadverbUS /ˈsʌmwer/

in or at or to some place

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

soppingadverbUS /ˈsɑːpɪŋ/

extremely wet

From this reading The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.

stickyadjectiveUS /ˈstɪki/

having the sticky properties of an adhesive

From this reading The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.

Stonewalls

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

strenuousadjectiveUS /ˈstrenjuːəs/

characterized by or performed with much energy or force

From this reading The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.

stretchesnounUS /ˈstretʃəz/

plural of “stretch” — a large and unbroken expanse or distance

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

stronglyadverbUS /ˈstrɔːŋli/

with strength or in a strong manner

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.

timbersnounUS /ˈtɪmbərz/

plural of “timber” — the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading It was badly battered and broken down, and was little more for the most part than an irregular and shallow ditch half filled with shattered timbers, fallen earth, full and burst sandbags.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

totteryadjective

unsteady in gait as from infirmity or old age

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

trenchnounUS /trentʃ/

a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

uninjuredadjectiveUS /əˈnɪndʒərd/

not injured physically or mentally

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The Stonewalls put in a very strenuous hour digging, refilling sandbags, piling them up, putting the trench into some sort of shape to afford cover and protection against shell and rifle fire.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

warningnounUS /ˈwɔːrnɪŋ/

a message informing of danger

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Here and there were stretches of comparatively uninjured trench, deep and strongly built, but even in these, sandbags had been burst or blown out of place by shell explosions, and the walls were crumbling and shaken and tottery.

wetadjectiveUS /wet/

covered or soaked with a liquid such as water

From this reading The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The rain had ceased a few hours before, but the trench was still sopping wet and thick with sticky mud.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading THE COUNTER ATTACK Kentucky and Pug and their fellow Stonewalls fell to work energetically, their movements hastened by a galling rifle or machine-gun fire that came pelting along their trench from somewhere far out on the flank, and reaching the trench almost in enfilade, and by the warning screech and crash of some shells bursting over them.

Chapter 11 of Grapes of Wrath by Boyd Cable holds 270 sentences, grouped into 54 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Grapes of Wrath contain?

Chapter 11 holds 270 sentences of Grapes of Wrath, unabridged, divided into 54 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Grapes of Wrath by Boyd Cable exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 270 sentences, grouped into 54 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Grapes of Wrath?

Work through the 54 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 54 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Grapes of Wrath

Common questions about reading Grapes of Wrath by Boyd Cable on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Grapes of Wrath?

Yes. All 2367 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #46787 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Grapes of Wrath is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #46787, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Grapes of Wrath take to read?

About 197 minutes of reading across 474 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Grapes of Wrath section by section

How to work through Grapes of Wrath section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Grapes of Wrath to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Grapes of Wrath

Words and structures a reader meets early in Grapes of Wrath, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Country
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grapes of Wrath; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Overseas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grapes of Wrath; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Those
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grapes of Wrath; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Among
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grapes of Wrath; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.