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Grapes of Wrath
Grapes of Wrath

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Grapes of Wrath is here in full — 208 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/41 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.
Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.
Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.
The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.
The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Grapes of Wrath

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Grapes of Wrath is here in full — 208 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/41 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.
Line 2
Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.
Line 3
Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.
/kənˈtʌki ɡroʊpt hɪz weɪ daʊn ðə dɑːrk ˈsterweɪ ənd ðə ˈberərz ˈfɑːloʊd wɪð pʌɡ ɑːn ðə ˈstretʃər/
Line 4
The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.
/ðə ster wɑːz ˈhɔːrəbli stiːp bɪlt ɪn haɪ ənd ˈneroʊ ˈwʊdən steps wɪtʃ wɜːr ˈkoʊtəd wɪð θɪk ˈslɪpəri mʌd ənd ɪt wɑːz wɪð sʌm ˈdɪfəkəlti ðæt ðə ˈstretʃər wɑːz brɔːt daʊn/
Line 5
The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bearers noun US /ˈberərz/

plural of “bearer” — someone whose employment involves carrying something

From this reading “Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.”

casualties noun US /ˈkæʒəwəltiz/

plural of “casualty” — someone injured or killed or captured or missing in a military engagement

From this reading “CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.”

coated adjective US /ˈkoʊtəd/

having a coating; covered with an outer layer or film; often used in combination

From this reading “The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.”

groped verb US /ɡroʊpt/

past form of “grope” — feel about uncertainly or blindly

From this reading “Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.”

Pug noun US /pʌɡ/

small compact smooth-coated breed of Asiatic origin having a tightly curled tail and broad flat wrinkled muzzle

From this reading “Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.”

sloping adjective US /ˈsloʊpɪŋ/

having an oblique or slanted direction

From this reading “Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.”

stretcher noun US /ˈstretʃər/

a wooden framework on which canvas is stretched and fixed for oil painting

From this reading “Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.”

uninjured adjective US /əˈnɪndʒərd/

not injured physically or mentally

From this reading “CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sloping bank adjective + noun

In this reading “Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.”

narrow passage verb + noun

In this reading “The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.”

wooden steps adjective + noun

In this reading “The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.”

some difficulty adjective + noun

In this reading “The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.”

on the stretcher preposition + article + noun counted as “on … stretcher”

In this reading “Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.”

brought down verb + adjective counted as “bring down”

move something or somebody to a lower position

In this reading “The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.”

lay in verb + particle

keep or lay aside for future use

In this reading “Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

adaptedadjectiveUS /əˈdæptɪd/

changed in order to improve or made more fit for a particular purpose

From this reading CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

barelyadverbUS /ˈberli/

only a very short time before

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

bearersnounUS /ˈberərz/

plural of “bearer” — someone whose employment involves carrying something

From this reading Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

CASUALTIESnounUS /ˈkæʒəwəltiz/

plural of “casualty” — someone injured or killed or captured or missing in a military engagement

From this reading CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.

coatedadjectiveUS /ˈkoʊtəd/

having a coating; covered with an outer layer or film; often used in combination

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

comparativelyadverbUS /kəmˈperətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.

cup-shaped

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.

depressionnounUS /dɪˈpreʃən/

a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

directverbUS /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.

dressing-station

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.

dug-out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.

entrancenounUS /ˈentrəns/

something that provides access (to get in or get out)

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.

gropedverbUS /ɡroʊpt/

past form of “grope” — feel about uncertainly or blindly

From this reading Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.

horriblyadverbUS /ˈhɔːrəbli/

of a dreadful kind

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

ItsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

KentuckynounUS /kənˈtʌki/

a state in east central United States; a border state during the American Civil War; famous for breeding race horses

From this reading Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

linedadjectiveUS /laɪnd/

bordered by a line of things

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

mudnounUS /mʌd/

water soaked soil; soft wet earth

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

plankverbUS /plæŋk/

cover with planks

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

planked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

PugnounUS /pʌɡ/

small compact smooth-coated breed of Asiatic origin having a tightly curled tail and broad flat wrinkled muzzle

From this reading Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.

roofnounUS /ruːf/

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

savingnounUS /ˈseɪvɪŋ/

an act of economizing; reduction in cost

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

shellnounUS /ʃel/

ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

slipperyadjectiveUS /ˈslɪpəri/

causing or tending to cause things to slip or slide

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

slopingadjectiveUS /ˈsloʊpɪŋ/

having an oblique or slanted direction

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

stairnounUS /ster/

support consisting of a place to rest the foot while ascending or descending a stairway

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

stairwaynounUS /ˈsterweɪ/

a way of access (upward and downward) consisting of a set of steps

From this reading Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.

steepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

stretchernounUS /ˈstretʃər/

a wooden framework on which canvas is stretched and fixed for oil painting

From this reading Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

uninjuredadjectiveUS /əˈnɪndʒərd/

not injured physically or mentally

From this reading CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading CASUALTIES A deep and comparatively uninjured German dug-out had been adapted for use as a dressing-station.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Kentucky groped his way down the dark stairway, and the bearers followed with Pug on the stretcher.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

well-built

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stair opened out direct into a large, well-built dug-out with planked floor, walls and roof, and beyond it again a narrow passage led to a further room, also well built and plank lined, but much longer, and so narrow that it barely gave room for men to be laid across it.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Its entrance lay in a little cup-shaped depression with a steep, sloping bank behind it, and the position of this bank and the entrance opening out of it away from the British lines had probably been the saving of it from shell fire.

woodenadjectiveUS /ˈwʊdən/

made or consisting of (entirely or in part) or employing wood

From this reading The stair was horribly steep, built in high and narrow wooden steps which were coated with thick, slippery mud, and it was with some difficulty that the stretcher was brought down.

Chapter 16 of Grapes of Wrath by Boyd Cable holds 208 sentences, grouped into 42 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Grapes of Wrath contain?

Chapter 16 holds 208 sentences of Grapes of Wrath, unabridged, divided into 42 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Grapes of Wrath by Boyd Cable exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 208 sentences, grouped into 42 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Grapes of Wrath?

Work through the 42 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 42 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Grapes of Wrath

Common questions about reading Grapes of Wrath by Boyd Cable on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Grapes of Wrath?

Yes. All 2367 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #46787 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Grapes of Wrath is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #46787, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Grapes of Wrath take to read?

About 197 minutes of reading across 474 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Grapes of Wrath section by section

How to work through Grapes of Wrath section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Grapes of Wrath to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Grapes of Wrath

Words and structures a reader meets early in Grapes of Wrath, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Country
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grapes of Wrath; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Overseas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grapes of Wrath; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Those
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grapes of Wrath; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Among
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grapes of Wrath; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.