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Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland
Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland is here in full — 99 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.
Yet even so it was impressive.
York is one of the quaintest cities in the kingdom.
Many of the streets are narrow and crooked.
Most of the buildings are of low stature, built of brick, and roofed with red tiles.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland is here in full — 99 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.
Line 2
Yet even so it was impressive.
/jet ˈiːvɪn soʊ ɪt wɑːz ˌɪmˈpresɪv/
Line 3
York is one of the quaintest cities in the kingdom.
Line 4
Many of the streets are narrow and crooked.
/ˈmeni ʌv ðə striːts ɑːr ˈneroʊ ənd ˈkrʊkəd/
Line 5
Most of the buildings are of low stature, built of brick, and roofed with red tiles.
/moʊst ʌv ðə ˈbɪldɪŋz ɑːr ʌv loʊ ˈstætʃər bɪlt ʌv brɪk ənd ruːft wɪð red taɪlz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crooked adjective US /ˈkrʊkəd/

having or marked by bends or angles; not straight or aligned

From this reading “Many of the streets are narrow and crooked.”

drizzle noun US /ˈdrɪzəl/

very light rain; stronger than mist but less than a shower

From this reading “OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.”

impressive adjective US /ˌɪmˈpresɪv/

making a strong or vivid impression

From this reading “Yet even so it was impressive.”

roofed adjective US /ruːft/

covered with a roof; having a roof as specified (often used in combination)

From this reading “Most of the buildings are of low stature, built of brick, and roofed with red tiles.”

skies noun US /skaɪz/

plural of “sky” — the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading “OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.”

sorrowful adjective US /ˈsɑːroʊfəl/

experiencing or marked by or expressing sorrow especially that associated with irreparable loss

From this reading “OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.”

stature noun US /ˈstætʃər/

high level of respect gained by impressive development or achievement

From this reading “Most of the buildings are of low stature, built of brick, and roofed with red tiles.”

tiles noun US /taɪlz/

plural of “tile” — a flat thin rectangular slab (as of fired clay or rubber or linoleum) used to cover surfaces

From this reading “Most of the buildings are of low stature, built of brick, and roofed with red tiles.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

red tiles noun + noun counted as “red tile”

In this reading “Most of the buildings are of low stature, built of brick, and roofed with red tiles.”

ancient city adjective + noun

In this reading “OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.”

in the kingdom preposition + article + noun counted as “in … kingdom”

In this reading “York is one of the quaintest cities in the kingdom.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

12

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

1888

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Many of the streets are narrow and crooked.

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

bricknounUS /brɪk/

rectangular block of clay baked by the sun or in a kiln; used as a building or paving material

From this reading Most of the buildings are of low stature, built of brick, and roofed with red tiles.

buildingsnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋz/

plural of “building” — a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading Most of the buildings are of low stature, built of brick, and roofed with red tiles.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading Most of the buildings are of low stature, built of brick, and roofed with red tiles.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading York is one of the quaintest cities in the kingdom.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

crookedadjectiveUS /ˈkrʊkəd/

having or marked by bends or angles; not straight or aligned

From this reading Many of the streets are narrow and crooked.

drizzlenounUS /ˈdrɪzəl/

very light rain; stronger than mist but less than a shower

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Yet even so it was impressive.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

impressiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpresɪv/

making a strong or vivid impression

From this reading Yet even so it was impressive.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading York is one of the quaintest cities in the kingdom.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading York is one of the quaintest cities in the kingdom.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Yet even so it was impressive.

kingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading York is one of the quaintest cities in the kingdom.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Most of the buildings are of low stature, built of brick, and roofed with red tiles.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many of the streets are narrow and crooked.

mistverbUS /mɪst/

become covered with mist

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

MostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Most of the buildings are of low stature, built of brick, and roofed with red tiles.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading Many of the streets are narrow and crooked.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

OLDadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading York is one of the quaintest cities in the kingdom.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

prospectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

quaintest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading York is one of the quaintest cities in the kingdom.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Most of the buildings are of low stature, built of brick, and roofed with red tiles.

roofedadjectiveUS /ruːft/

covered with a roof; having a roof as specified (often used in combination)

From this reading Most of the buildings are of low stature, built of brick, and roofed with red tiles.

skiesnounUS /skaɪz/

plural of “sky” — the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Yet even so it was impressive.

sorrowfuladjectiveUS /ˈsɑːroʊfəl/

experiencing or marked by or expressing sorrow especially that associated with irreparable loss

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

staturenounUS /ˈstætʃər/

high level of respect gained by impressive development or achievement

From this reading Most of the buildings are of low stature, built of brick, and roofed with red tiles.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Many of the streets are narrow and crooked.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

tilesnounUS /taɪlz/

plural of “tile” — a flat thin rectangular slab (as of fired clay or rubber or linoleum) used to cover surfaces

From this reading Most of the buildings are of low stature, built of brick, and roofed with red tiles.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

weepingadjectiveUS /ˈwiːpɪŋ/

showing sorrow

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Most of the buildings are of low stature, built of brick, and roofed with red tiles.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet even so it was impressive.

YORKnounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading OLD YORK York, August 12, 1888.--All summer long the sorrowful skies have been weeping over England, and my first prospect of this ancient city was a prospect through drizzle and mist.

Chapter 4 of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland by William Winter holds 99 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland contain?

Chapter 4 holds 99 sentences of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland by William Winter exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 99 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland

Common questions about reading Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland by William Winter on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland?

Yes. All 2534 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56429 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56429, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland take to read?

About 211 minutes of reading across 507 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland section by section

How to work through Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Illustrated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edition
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Revised
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Throughout
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.