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Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland
Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland is here in full — 140 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
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THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.
Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.
Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.
It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.
Not much remains of that ancient structure, and the remnant is now occupied by a florist.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland is here in full — 140 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.
Line 2
Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.
Line 3
Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.
Line 4
It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.
Line 5
Not much remains of that ancient structure, and the remnant is now occupied by a florist.
/nɑːt mʌtʃ rɪˈmeɪnz ʌv ðæt ˈeɪn.ʃənt ˈstrʌktʃər ənd ðə ˈremnənt ɪz naʊ ˈɑːkjəpaɪd baɪ ə ˈflɑːrɪst/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blooming noun US /ˈbluːmɪŋ/

the organic process of bearing flowers

From this reading “THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.”

Cumberland noun US /ˈkʌmbərlənd/

English general; son of George II; fought unsuccessfully in the battle of Fontenoy (1721-1765)

From this reading “It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.”

florist noun US /ˈflɑːrɪst/

someone who grows and deals in flowers

From this reading “Not much remains of that ancient structure, and the remnant is now occupied by a florist.”

forfeited adjective US /ˈfɔːrfɪtɪd/

surrendered as a penalty

From this reading “Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.”

Gloucester noun US /ˈɡlɑːstər/

a town in northeastern Massachusetts on Cape Ann to the northeast of Boston; the harbor has been a fishing center for centuries

From this reading “Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.”

remnant noun US /ˈremnənt/

a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists

From this reading “Not much remains of that ancient structure, and the remnant is now occupied by a florist.”

Warwick noun US /ˈwɔːrwɪk/

English statesman; during the War of the Roses he fought first for the house of York and secured the throne for Edward IV and then changed sides to fight for the house of Lancaster and secured the throne for Henry VI (1428-1471)

From this reading “Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.”

wordsworth noun US /ˈwɜːrdzwərθ/

a romantic English poet whose work was inspired by the Lake District where he spent most of his life (1770-1850)

From this reading “THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eastern slope adjective + noun

In this reading “Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.”

five years noun + noun

In this reading “It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.”

along the shore preposition + article + noun counted as “along … shore”

In this reading “THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.”

for five preposition + noun

In this reading “It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.”

lived there verb + particle counted as “live there”

In this reading “It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1452

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.

1457

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.

1471

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

abodenounUS /əˈboʊd/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Not much remains of that ancient structure, and the remnant is now occupied by a florist.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

bloomingnounUS /ˈbluːmɪŋ/

the organic process of bearing flowers

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

bosomnounUS /ˈbʊzəm/

the chest considered as the place where secret thoughts are kept

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

crystalnounUS /ˈkrɪstəl/

a solid formed by the solidification of a chemical and having a highly regular atomic structure

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

CumberlandnounUS /ˈkʌmbərlənd/

English general; son of George II; fought unsuccessfully in the battle of Fontenoy (1721-1765)

From this reading It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.

DistrictnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

driveverbUS /draɪv/

operate or control a vehicle

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

enterverbUS /ˈentər/

to come or go into

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

estatesnounUS /ɪˈsteɪts/

plural of “estate” — everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.

floristnounUS /ˈflɑːrɪst/

someone who grows and deals in flowers

From this reading Not much remains of that ancient structure, and the remnant is now occupied by a florist.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.

forfeitedadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrfɪtɪd/

surrendered as a penalty

From this reading Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.

FourthnounUS /fɔːrθ/

following the third position; number four in a countable series

From this reading Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.

GloucesternounUS /ˈɡlɑːstər/

a town in northeastern Massachusetts on Cape Ann to the northeast of Boston; the harbor has been a fishing center for centuries

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

LakenounUS /leɪk/

a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

LANDnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Not much remains of that ancient structure, and the remnant is now occupied by a florist.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not much remains of that ancient structure, and the remnant is now occupied by a florist.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Not much remains of that ancient structure, and the remnant is now occupied by a florist.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading Not much remains of that ancient structure, and the remnant is now occupied by a florist.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

Patterdale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

Penrith

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

recordedadjectiveUS /rəˈkɔːrdɪd/

set down or registered in a permanent form especially on film or tape for reproduction

From this reading It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.

remainsnounUS /rɪˈmeɪnz/

any object that is left unused or still extant

From this reading Not much remains of that ancient structure, and the remnant is now occupied by a florist.

remnantnounUS /ˈremnənt/

a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists

From this reading Not much remains of that ancient structure, and the remnant is now occupied by a florist.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

ruinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

sailverbUS /seɪl/

traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

SheriffnounUS /ˈʃerəf/

the principal law-enforcement officer in a county

From this reading It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

slopenounUS /sloʊp/

an elevated geological formation

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

solitudenounUS /ˈsɑːlətuːd/

a state of social isolation

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

structurenounUS /ˈstrʌktʃər/

a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading Not much remains of that ancient structure, and the remnant is now occupied by a florist.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

thenceadverbUS /ðens/

from that place or that time

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

travelverbUS /ˈtrævəl/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

Ullswater

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

WarwicknounUS /ˈwɔːrwɪk/

English statesman; during the War of the Roses he fought first for the house of York and secured the throne for Edward IV and then changed sides to fight for the house of Lancaster and secured the throne for Henry VI (1428-1471)

From this reading Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Penrith Castle was one of the estates that were forfeited by the great Earl of Warwick, and King Edward the Fourth gave it to his brother Richard, in 1471.

Westmoreland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

WORDSWORTHnounUS /ˈwɜːrdzwərθ/

a romantic English poet whose work was inspired by the Lake District where he spent most of his life (1770-1850)

From this reading THE LAND OF WORDSWORTH A good way by which to enter the Lake District of England is to travel to Penrith and thence to drive along the shore of Ullswater, or sail upon its crystal bosom, to the blooming solitude of Patterdale.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It is recorded that Richard had lived there for five years, from 1452 to 1457, when he was Sheriff of Cumberland.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Penrith lies at the eastern slope of the mountains of Westmoreland, and you may see the ruins of Penrith Castle, once the property and the abode of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, before he became King of England.

Chapter 7 of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland by William Winter holds 140 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland contain?

Chapter 7 holds 140 sentences of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland by William Winter exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 140 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #56429, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland take to read?

About 211 minutes of reading across 507 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

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