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Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland
Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland is here in full — 41 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

By William Winter • Curated US English Learning Edition
Cover illustration for Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland
Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.
All the world knows it, and knows that the art of the engineer has here achieved a masterpiece.
The bridge is not beautiful, whether viewed from afar or close at hand.
The gazer can see it, or some part of it, from every height in Edinburgh.
It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland is here in full — 41 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.
Line 2
All the world knows it, and knows that the art of the engineer has here achieved a masterpiece.
/ɔːl ðə wɜːrld noʊz ɪt ənd noʊz ðæt ðə ɑːrt ʌv ðə ˈendʒəˈnɪr hæz hiːr əˈtʃiːvd ə ˈmæstərpiːs/
Line 3
The bridge is not beautiful, whether viewed from afar or close at hand.
/ðə brɪdʒ ɪz nɑːt ˈbjuːtəfəl ˈweðər vjuːd frʌm əˈfɑːr ɔːr kloʊs æt hænd/
Line 4
The gazer can see it, or some part of it, from every height in Edinburgh.
Line 5
It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arthur's noun US /ˈɑːrθərz/

possessive form of “arthur” — elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading “It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Braid verb US /breɪd/

make by braiding or interlacing

From this reading “It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Crags noun US /kræɡz/

plural of “crag” — a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading “It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
eminence noun US /ˈemənəns/

high status importance owing to marked superiority

From this reading “It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Loch noun US /lɑːk/

a long narrow inlet of the sea in Scotland (especially when it is nearly landlocked)

From this reading “SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
masterpiece noun US /ˈmæstərpiːs/

the most outstanding work of a creative artist or craftsman

From this reading “All the world knows it, and knows that the art of the engineer has here achieved a masterpiece.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ramparts noun US /ˈræmpɑːrts/

plural of “rampart” — an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading “It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Salisbury noun US /ˈsælzbəri/

the capital and largest city of Zimbabwe

From this reading “It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

from afar preposition + adverb

In this reading “The bridge is not beautiful, whether viewed from afar or close at hand.”

4,298 times in 426,212 chapters
of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.”

307,822 times in 426,212 chapters
at hand preposition + noun

close in space; within reach

In this reading “The bridge is not beautiful, whether viewed from afar or close at hand.”

25,502 times in 426,212 chapters

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

Pending verification
1890

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

Pending verification
adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
achievedverbUS /əˈtʃiːvd/

past form of “achieve” — to gain with effort

From this reading All the world knows it, and knows that the art of the engineer has here achieved a masterpiece.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
afaradverbUS /əˈfɑːr/

(old-fashioned) at or from or to a great distance; far

From this reading The bridge is not beautiful, whether viewed from afar or close at hand.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All the world knows it, and knows that the art of the engineer has here achieved a masterpiece.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading All the world knows it, and knows that the art of the engineer has here achieved a masterpiece.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading All the world knows it, and knows that the art of the engineer has here achieved a masterpiece.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
Arthur'snounUS /ˈɑːrθərz/

possessive form of “arthur” — elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The bridge is not beautiful, whether viewed from afar or close at hand.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading The bridge is not beautiful, whether viewed from afar or close at hand.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
BraidverbUS /breɪd/

make by braiding or interlacing

From this reading It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
bridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Calton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

Pending verification
canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The gazer can see it, or some part of it, from every height in Edinburgh.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading The bridge is not beautiful, whether viewed from afar or close at hand.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
columnnounUS /ˈkɑːləm/

a line of units following one after another

From this reading It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
CragsnounUS /kræɡz/

plural of “crag” — a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
EdinburghnounUS /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading The gazer can see it, or some part of it, from every height in Edinburgh.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
eminencenounUS /ˈemənəns/

high status importance owing to marked superiority

From this reading It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
engineernounUS /ˈendʒəˈnɪr/

a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems

From this reading All the world knows it, and knows that the art of the engineer has here achieved a masterpiece.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The gazer can see it, or some part of it, from every height in Edinburgh.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
ForthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The bridge is not beautiful, whether viewed from afar or close at hand.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
gazer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gazer can see it, or some part of it, from every height in Edinburgh.

Pending verification
handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading The bridge is not beautiful, whether viewed from afar or close at hand.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading All the world knows it, and knows that the art of the engineer has here achieved a masterpiece.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading The gazer can see it, or some part of it, from every height in Edinburgh.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading All the world knows it, and knows that the art of the engineer has here achieved a masterpiece.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
HillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
HillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The gazer can see it, or some part of it, from every height in Edinburgh.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading All the world knows it, and knows that the art of the engineer has here achieved a masterpiece.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
Katrine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

Pending verification
knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading All the world knows it, and knows that the art of the engineer has here achieved a masterpiece.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
LochnounUS /lɑːk/

a long narrow inlet of the sea in Scotland (especially when it is nearly landlocked)

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
masterpiecenounUS /ˈmæstərpiːs/

the most outstanding work of a creative artist or craftsman

From this reading All the world knows it, and knows that the art of the engineer has here achieved a masterpiece.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
monumentnounUS /ˈmɑːnjuːmənt/

a structure erected to commemorate persons or events

From this reading It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
needsadverbUS /niːdz/

in such a manner as could not be otherwise

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
NelsonnounUS /ˈnelsən/

English admiral who defeated the French fleets of Napoleon but was mortally wounded at Trafalgar (1758-1805)

From this reading It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The bridge is not beautiful, whether viewed from afar or close at hand.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading All the world knows it, and knows that the art of the engineer has here achieved a masterpiece.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The bridge is not beautiful, whether viewed from afar or close at hand.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The gazer can see it, or some part of it, from every height in Edinburgh.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
PICTURESnounUS /ˈpɪktʃərz/

plural of “picture” — a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
rampartsnounUS /ˈræmpɑːrts/

plural of “rampart” — an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
SalisburynounUS /ˈsælzbəri/

the capital and largest city of Zimbabwe

From this reading It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ScottnounUS /skɑːt/

award-winning United States film actor (1928-1999)

From this reading It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
SCOTTISHnounUS /ˈskɑːtɪʃ/

the dialect of English used in Scotland

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
SeatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The gazer can see it, or some part of it, from every height in Edinburgh.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The gazer can see it, or some part of it, from every height in Edinburgh.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Stronachlacher

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

Pending verification
thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
viewedverbUS /vjuːd/

past form of “view” — deem to be

From this reading The bridge is not beautiful, whether viewed from afar or close at hand.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
visibleadjectiveUS /ˈvɪzəbəl/

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading It is visible from the Calton Hill, from the Nelson column, from the Scott monument, from the ramparts of the Castle, from Salisbury Crags, from the Braid Hills, and of course from the eminence of Arthur's Seat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading The bridge is not beautiful, whether viewed from afar or close at hand.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
wondernounUS /ˈwʌndər/

the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising

From this reading SCOTTISH PICTURES Stronachlacher, Loch Katrine, September 1, 1890.--No one needs to be told that the Forth bridge is a wonder.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading All the world knows it, and knows that the art of the engineer has here achieved a masterpiece.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Chapter 23 of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland by William Winter holds 41 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland contain?

Chapter 23 holds 41 sentences of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland by William Winter exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 41 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #56429, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 211 minutes of reading across 507 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland section by section

How to work through Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Illustrated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edition
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Revised
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Throughout
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gray Days and Gold in England and Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.