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Gray Youth
Gray Youth

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Gray Youth is here in full — 1193 sentences across 239 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Gray Youth
Context Illustration Reading 1/238 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.
As they themselves declared, they could not afford to.
Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.
Therefore the League's members were rigorously rational.
They saw opposing principles in stark and irreconcilable conflict.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gray Youth

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Gray Youth is here in full — 1193 sentences across 239 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/238 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.
/aɪ ðə liːɡ ˈʌðər ɡraʊndz ʌv kəmˈpleɪnt əˈɡenst ðə ˌmɑːnuːˈmɪʃən liːɡ juː maɪt hæv bʌt juː kʊd ˈnevər ˈnevər seɪ ðæt ðeɪ mɪnst ˈmætərz/
Line 2
As they themselves declared, they could not afford to.
/æz ðeɪ ðemˈselvz dɪˈklerd ðeɪ kʊd nɑːt əˈfɔːrd tuː/
Line 3
Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.
Line 4
Therefore the League's members were rigorously rational.
/ˈðerfɔːr ðə liːɡz ˈmembərz wɜːr ˈrɪɡərəsli ˈræʃ.ən.əl/
Line 5
They saw opposing principles in stark and irreconcilable conflict.
/ðeɪ sɔː əˈpoʊzɪŋ ˈprɪnsəpəlz ɪn stɑːrk ənd ˌɪˈrekənsaɪləbəl ˈkɑːnflɪkt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

caprice noun US /kəˈpriːs/

a sudden desire

From this reading “Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.”

irreconcilable adjective US /ˌɪˈrekənsaɪləbəl/

impossible to reconcile

From this reading “They saw opposing principles in stark and irreconcilable conflict.”

League's noun US /liːɡz/

possessive form of “league” — an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members

From this reading “Therefore the League's members were rigorously rational.”

Manumission noun US /ˌmɑːnuːˈmɪʃən/

the formal act of freeing from slavery

From this reading “I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.”

minced verb US /mɪnst/

past form of “mince” — make less severe or harsh

From this reading “I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.”

opposing adjective US /əˈpoʊzɪŋ/

characterized by active hostility

From this reading “They saw opposing principles in stark and irreconcilable conflict.”

rational adjective US /ˈræʃ.ən.əl/

Based on or in accordance with reason or logic rather than turbulent emotions.

From this reading “Therefore the League's members were rigorously rational.”

rigorously adverb US /ˈrɪɡərəsli/

in a rigorous manner

From this reading “Therefore the League's members were rigorously rational.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

minced matters verb + noun counted as “mince matter”

In this reading “I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.”

personal considerations adjective + noun counted as “personal consideration”

In this reading “Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.”

depended on verb + particle counted as “depend on”

be contingent on

In this reading “Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

affordverbUS /əˈfɔːrd/

be able to spare or give up

From this reading As they themselves declared, they could not afford to.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As they themselves declared, they could not afford to.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

behoved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

capricenounUS /kəˈpriːs/

a sudden desire

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

clearer-eyed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

complaintnounUS /kəmˈpleɪnt/

an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

conflictnounUS /ˈkɑːnflɪkt/

an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading They saw opposing principles in stark and irreconcilable conflict.

considerationsnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “consideration” — the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

creaturenounUS /ˈkriːtʃər/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

declaredadjectiveUS /dɪˈklerd/

made known or openly avowed

From this reading As they themselves declared, they could not afford to.

dependedverbUS /dɪˈpendəd/

past form of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

eaglenounUS /ˈiːɡəl/

any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

groundsnounUS /ɡraʊndz/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

impulsenounUS /ˈɪmpəls/

an instinctive motive

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They saw opposing principles in stark and irreconcilable conflict.

irreconcilableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈrekənsaɪləbəl/

impossible to reconcile

From this reading They saw opposing principles in stark and irreconcilable conflict.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

judgmentnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

LEAGUEnounUS /liːɡ/

an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

League'snounUS /liːɡz/

possessive form of “league” — an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members

From this reading Therefore the League's members were rigorously rational.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

ManumissionnounUS /ˌmɑːnuːˈmɪʃən/

the formal act of freeing from slavery

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

membersnounUS /ˈmembərz/

plural of “member” — one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading Therefore the League's members were rigorously rational.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

mincedverbUS /mɪnst/

past form of “mince” — make less severe or harsh

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading As they themselves declared, they could not afford to.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

opposingadjectiveUS /əˈpoʊzɪŋ/

characterized by active hostility

From this reading They saw opposing principles in stark and irreconcilable conflict.

OtheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading They saw opposing principles in stark and irreconcilable conflict.

rationaladjectiveUS /ˈræʃ.ən.əl/

Based on or in accordance with reason or logic rather than turbulent emotions.

From this reading Therefore the League's members were rigorously rational.

rigorouslyadverbUS /ˈrɪɡərəsli/

in a rigorous manner

From this reading Therefore the League's members were rigorously rational.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading They saw opposing principles in stark and irreconcilable conflict.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

starkadjectiveUS /stɑːrk/

devoid of any qualifications or disguise or adornment

From this reading They saw opposing principles in stark and irreconcilable conflict.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading As they themselves declared, they could not afford to.

ThereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Therefore the League's members were rigorously rational.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As they themselves declared, they could not afford to.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

uninfluencedadjective

not influenced or affected

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Therefore the League's members were rigorously rational.

WomannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Woman had been told for so long that she was a creature of impulse and caprice, not to be depended on for a judgment uninfluenced by personal considerations, that the eagle itself was not clearer-eyed than it now behoved her to show herself to be.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I THE LEAGUE Other grounds of complaint against the Manumission League you might have, but you could never, never say that they minced matters.

Chapter 3 of Gray Youth by Oliver Onions holds 1193 sentences, grouped into 239 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Gray Youth contain?

Chapter 3 holds 1193 sentences of Gray Youth, unabridged, divided into 239 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Gray Youth by Oliver Onions exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 1193 sentences, grouped into 239 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Gray Youth?

Work through the 239 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 239 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Gray Youth

Common questions about reading Gray Youth by Oliver Onions on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Gray Youth?

Yes. All 9320 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45682 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Gray Youth is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45682, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gray Youth take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1864 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Gray Youth section by section

How to work through Gray Youth section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Gray Youth to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Gray Youth

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gray Youth, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gray Youth; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Accordance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gray Youth; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Evidence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gray Youth; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Debit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gray Youth; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.