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Great Inventions and Discoveries
Great Inventions and Discoveries

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Great Inventions and Discoveries is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
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THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."
_Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.
We ought to reverence books, to look at them as useful and mighty things."
Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."
Cicero likens a room without books to a body without a soul.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Great Inventions and Discoveries

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Great Inventions and Discoveries is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."
Line 2
_Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.
Line 3
We ought to reverence books, to look at them as useful and mighty things."
/wiː ɔːt tuː ˈrevərəns bʊks tuː lʊk æt ðem æz ˈjuːsfəl ənd ˈmaɪti θɪŋz/
Line 4
Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."
/ˈmɪltən kɔːlz ə ɡʊd bʊk ðə ˈpreʃəs laɪf blʌd ʌv ə ˈmæstər ˈspɪrət emˈbɑːmd ənd ˈtreʒərd ʌp ɑːn ˈpɜːrpəs tuː ə laɪf bɪˈɑːnd laɪf/
Line 5
Cicero likens a room without books to a body without a soul.
/ˈsɪsəroʊ ˈlaɪkənz ə ruːm wɪˈθaʊt bʊks tuː ə ˈbɑːdi wɪˈθaʊt ə soʊl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cadmus noun US /ˈkædməs/

(Greek mythology) the brother of Europa and traditional founder of Thebes in Boeotia

From this reading “THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."”

Carlyle noun US /ˈkɑːrlaɪl/

Scottish historian who wrote about the French Revolution (1795-1881)

From this reading “_Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.”

Cicero noun US /ˈsɪsəroʊ/

a linear unit of the size of type slightly larger than an em

From this reading “Cicero likens a room without books to a body without a soul.”

embalmed verb US /emˈbɑːmd/

past form of “embalm” — preserve a dead body

From this reading “Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."”

likens verb US /ˈlaɪkənz/

third-person singular of “liken” — consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous

From this reading “Cicero likens a room without books to a body without a soul.”

Phoenicians noun US /fəˈniːʃənz/

plural of “phoenician” — a member of an ancient Semitic people who dominated trade in the first millennium B.C.

From this reading “THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."”

printing noun US /ˈprɪntɪŋ/

text handwritten in the style of printed matter

From this reading “THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."”

treasured adjective US /ˈtreʒərd/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading “Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

human souls adjective + noun counted as “human soul”

In this reading “_Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.”

look at verb + particle

take into consideration for exemplifying purposes

In this reading “We ought to reverence books, to look at them as useful and mighty things."”

on purpose preposition + noun

with intention; in an intentional manner

In this reading “Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."”

living man noun + noun

In this reading “_Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

amuseverbUS /əˈmjuːz/

occupy in an agreeable, entertaining or pleasant fashion

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading We ought to reverence books, to look at them as useful and mighty things."

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."

BlessingsnounUS /ˈblesɪŋz/

plural of “blessing” — the formal act of approving

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Cicero likens a room without books to a body without a soul.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

CadmusnounUS /ˈkædməs/

(Greek mythology) the brother of Europa and traditional founder of Thebes in Boeotia

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

callsnounUS /kɔːlz/

plural of “call” — a telephone connection

From this reading Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."

CarlylenounUS /ˈkɑːrlaɪl/

Scottish historian who wrote about the French Revolution (1795-1881)

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

CiceronounUS /ˈsɪsəroʊ/

a linear unit of the size of type slightly larger than an em

From this reading Cicero likens a room without books to a body without a soul.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

embalmedverbUS /emˈbɑːmd/

past form of “embalm” — preserve a dead body

From this reading Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."

ExceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

heartsnounUS /hɑːrts/

a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts or the queen of spades

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

inventedverbUS /ˌɪnˈventəd/

past form of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

Kingsley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."

likensverbUS /ˈlaɪkənz/

third-person singular of “liken” — consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous

From this reading Cicero likens a room without books to a body without a soul.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading We ought to reverence books, to look at them as useful and mighty things."

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."

messagenounUS /ˈmesədʒ/

a communication (usually brief) that is written or spoken or signaled

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading We ought to reverence books, to look at them as useful and mighty things."

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

MiltonnounUS /ˈmɪltən/

English poet; remembered primarily as the author of an epic poem describing humanity's fall from grace (1608-1674)

From this reading Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading We ought to reverence books, to look at them as useful and mighty things."

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

PhoeniciansnounUS /fəˈniːʃənz/

plural of “phoenician” — a member of an ancient Semitic people who dominated trade in the first millennium B.C.

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

preciousadjectiveUS /ˈpreʃəs/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."

PRESSverbUS /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

PRINTINGnounUS /ˈprɪntɪŋ/

text handwritten in the style of printed matter

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."

reverenceverbUS /ˈrevərəns/

regard with feelings of respect and reverence; consider hallowed or exalted or be in awe of

From this reading We ought to reverence books, to look at them as useful and mighty things."

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading Cicero likens a room without books to a body without a soul.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

sheetsnounUS /ʃiːts/

plural of “sheet” — any broad thin expanse or surface

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading Cicero likens a room without books to a body without a soul.

soulsnounUS /soʊlz/

plural of “soul” — the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."

teachverbUS /tiːtʃ/

impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading We ought to reverence books, to look at them as useful and mighty things."

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading We ought to reverence books, to look at them as useful and mighty things."

ThomasnounUS /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

treasuredadjectiveUS /ˈtreʒərd/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Milton calls a good book "the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life."

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading We ought to reverence books, to look at them as useful and mighty things."

vivifyverb

give new life or energy to

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

whoever

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE PRINTING PRESS "Blessings be on the head of Cadmus, the Phoenicians, or whoever it is, that first invented books."

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Cicero likens a room without books to a body without a soul.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading _Thomas Carlyle._ "Except a living man," says Charles Kingsley, "there is nothing more wonderful than a book--a message to us from the dead--from human souls whom we never saw, who lived perhaps thousands of miles away; and yet these, on those little sheets of paper, speak to us, amuse us, vivify us, teach us, comfort us, open their hearts to us as brothers.

Chapter 2 of Great Inventions and Discoveries by Willis Duff Piercy holds 170 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Great Inventions and Discoveries contain?

Chapter 2 holds 170 sentences of Great Inventions and Discoveries, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Great Inventions and Discoveries by Willis Duff Piercy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 170 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Great Inventions and Discoveries?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Great Inventions and Discoveries

Common questions about reading Great Inventions and Discoveries by Willis Duff Piercy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Great Inventions and Discoveries?

Yes. All 2167 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37574 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Great Inventions and Discoveries is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37574, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Great Inventions and Discoveries take to read?

About 180 minutes of reading across 434 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Great Inventions and Discoveries section by section

How to work through Great Inventions and Discoveries section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Great Inventions and Discoveries to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Great Inventions and Discoveries

Words and structures a reader meets early in Great Inventions and Discoveries, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lived
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Branches
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Trees
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.