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Great Inventions and Discoveries
Great Inventions and Discoveries

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Great Inventions and Discoveries is here in full — 147 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.
The first light was probably produced by burning sticks or pieces of wood.
In his search for more light, man learned how to make the tallow candle.
Lights made in one form or other from the fats of animals persisted almost to the threshold of the present.
The next step forward was to the use of oil; and the next, to the use of gas.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Great Inventions and Discoveries

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Great Inventions and Discoveries is here in full — 147 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.
/ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti ˈlaɪtɪŋ ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ənd ˈʌðər ˈjuːsəz mæn mʌst hæv dɪˈskʌvərd ˌɑːrtəˈfɪʃəl laɪt æz suːn æz hiː dɪˈskʌvərd ˈfaɪər fɔːr ðə tuː ɪɡˈzɪst təˈɡeðər/
Line 2
The first light was probably produced by burning sticks or pieces of wood.
/ðə fɜːrst laɪt wɑːz ˈprɑːbəbliː prəˈduːst baɪ ˈbɜːrnɪŋ stɪks ɔːr ˈpiːsəz ʌv wʊd/
Line 3
In his search for more light, man learned how to make the tallow candle.
Line 4
Lights made in one form or other from the fats of animals persisted almost to the threshold of the present.
/laɪts meɪd ɪn wʌn fɔːrm ɔːr ˈʌðər frʌm ðə fæts ʌv ˈænəməlz pərˈsɪstɪd ˈɔːlmoʊst tuː ðə ˈθreʃoʊld ʌv ðə ˈprezənt/
Line 5
The next step forward was to the use of oil; and the next, to the use of gas.
/ðə nekst step ˈfɔːrwərd wɑːz tuː ðə juːs ʌv ɔɪl ənd ðə nekst tuː ðə juːs ʌv ɡæs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

artificial adjective US /ˌɑːrtəˈfɪʃəl/

contrived by art rather than nature

From this reading “ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.”

electricity noun US /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/

a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons

From this reading “ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.”

fats noun US /fæts/

plural of “fat” — a soft greasy substance occurring in organic tissue and consisting of a mixture of lipids (mostly triglycerides)

From this reading “Lights made in one form or other from the fats of animals persisted almost to the threshold of the present.”

lighting noun US /ˈlaɪtɪŋ/

having abundant light or illumination

From this reading “ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.”

persisted verb US /pərˈsɪstɪd/

past form of “persist” — continue to exist

From this reading “Lights made in one form or other from the fats of animals persisted almost to the threshold of the present.”

tallow noun US /ˈtæloʊ/

obtained from suet and used in making soap, candles and lubricants

From this reading “In his search for more light, man learned how to make the tallow candle.”

transportation noun US /ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən/

a facility consisting of the means and equipment necessary for the movement of passengers or goods

From this reading “ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.”

uses noun US /ˈjuːsəz/

plural of “use” — the act of using

From this reading “ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

tallow candle noun + noun

In this reading “In his search for more light, man learned how to make the tallow candle.”

search for verb + particle

In this reading “In his search for more light, man learned how to make the tallow candle.”

next step adjective + noun

In this reading “The next step forward was to the use of oil; and the next, to the use of gas.”

produced by verb + particle counted as “produce by”

In this reading “The first light was probably produced by burning sticks or pieces of wood.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Lights made in one form or other from the fats of animals persisted almost to the threshold of the present.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Lights made in one form or other from the fats of animals persisted almost to the threshold of the present.

artificialadjectiveUS /ˌɑːrtəˈfɪʃəl/

contrived by art rather than nature

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

burningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading The first light was probably produced by burning sticks or pieces of wood.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The first light was probably produced by burning sticks or pieces of wood.

candlenounUS /ˈkændəl/

stick of wax with a wick in the middle

From this reading In his search for more light, man learned how to make the tallow candle.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

ELECTRICITYnounUS /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/

a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

existverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪst/

have an existence, be extant

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

fatsnounUS /fæts/

plural of “fat” — a soft greasy substance occurring in organic tissue and consisting of a mixture of lipids (mostly triglycerides)

From this reading Lights made in one form or other from the fats of animals persisted almost to the threshold of the present.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first light was probably produced by burning sticks or pieces of wood.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Lights made in one form or other from the fats of animals persisted almost to the threshold of the present.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading The next step forward was to the use of oil; and the next, to the use of gas.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Lights made in one form or other from the fats of animals persisted almost to the threshold of the present.

gasnounUS /ɡæs/

the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity

From this reading The next step forward was to the use of oil; and the next, to the use of gas.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In his search for more light, man learned how to make the tallow candle.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his search for more light, man learned how to make the tallow candle.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In his search for more light, man learned how to make the tallow candle.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading In his search for more light, man learned how to make the tallow candle.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

LIGHTINGnounUS /ˈlaɪtɪŋ/

having abundant light or illumination

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

LightsnounUS /laɪts/

plural of “light” — (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation

From this reading Lights made in one form or other from the fats of animals persisted almost to the threshold of the present.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Lights made in one form or other from the fats of animals persisted almost to the threshold of the present.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading In his search for more light, man learned how to make the tallow candle.

MannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In his search for more light, man learned how to make the tallow candle.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next step forward was to the use of oil; and the next, to the use of gas.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The first light was probably produced by burning sticks or pieces of wood.

oilnounUS /ɔɪl/

A viscous liquid derived from petroleum or plants, stored in large earthen jars.

From this reading The next step forward was to the use of oil; and the next, to the use of gas.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Lights made in one form or other from the fats of animals persisted almost to the threshold of the present.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The first light was probably produced by burning sticks or pieces of wood.

OTHERadjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

persistedverbUS /pərˈsɪstɪd/

past form of “persist” — continue to exist

From this reading Lights made in one form or other from the fats of animals persisted almost to the threshold of the present.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading The first light was probably produced by burning sticks or pieces of wood.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Lights made in one form or other from the fats of animals persisted almost to the threshold of the present.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading The first light was probably produced by burning sticks or pieces of wood.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading The first light was probably produced by burning sticks or pieces of wood.

searchverbUS /sɜːrtʃ/

try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

From this reading In his search for more light, man learned how to make the tallow candle.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading The next step forward was to the use of oil; and the next, to the use of gas.

sticksnounUS /stɪks/

plural of “stick” — an implement consisting of a length of wood

From this reading The first light was probably produced by burning sticks or pieces of wood.

tallownounUS /ˈtæloʊ/

obtained from suet and used in making soap, candles and lubricants

From this reading In his search for more light, man learned how to make the tallow candle.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

thresholdnounUS /ˈθreʃoʊld/

the starting point for a new state or experience

From this reading Lights made in one form or other from the fats of animals persisted almost to the threshold of the present.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In his search for more light, man learned how to make the tallow candle.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

TRANSPORTATIONnounUS /ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən/

a facility consisting of the means and equipment necessary for the movement of passengers or goods

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading The next step forward was to the use of oil; and the next, to the use of gas.

USESnounUS /ˈjuːsəz/

plural of “use” — the act of using

From this reading ELECTRICITY: LIGHTING, TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER USES Man must have discovered artificial light as soon as he discovered fire, for the two exist together.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The first light was probably produced by burning sticks or pieces of wood.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading The first light was probably produced by burning sticks or pieces of wood.

Chapter 5 of Great Inventions and Discoveries by Willis Duff Piercy holds 147 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Great Inventions and Discoveries contain?

Chapter 5 holds 147 sentences of Great Inventions and Discoveries, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Great Inventions and Discoveries by Willis Duff Piercy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 147 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Great Inventions and Discoveries?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Great Inventions and Discoveries

Common questions about reading Great Inventions and Discoveries by Willis Duff Piercy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Great Inventions and Discoveries?

Yes. All 2167 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37574 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Great Inventions and Discoveries is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37574, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Great Inventions and Discoveries take to read?

About 180 minutes of reading across 434 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Great Inventions and Discoveries section by section

How to work through Great Inventions and Discoveries section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Great Inventions and Discoveries to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Great Inventions and Discoveries

Words and structures a reader meets early in Great Inventions and Discoveries, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lived
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Branches
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Trees
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.