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Great Inventions and Discoveries
Great Inventions and Discoveries

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Great Inventions and Discoveries is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"
The Hebrew psalmist feels the insignificance of man compared with the infinitude of the heavens.
Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."
There is nothing more dignified, more sublime, more awful, than a contemplation of the heavens.
In point of grandeur, astronomy may be regarded as king of the sciences.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Great Inventions and Discoveries

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Great Inventions and Discoveries is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"
/ˌæstrəˈnɑːmɪkəl dɪˈskʌvəriz ənd ˌɪnˈvenʃənz wen aɪ kənˈsɪdər ðaɪ ˈhevənz ðə wɜːrk ʌv ðaɪ ˈfɪŋɡərz ðə muːn ənd ðə stɑːrz wɪtʃ ðaʊ hæst ɔːrˈdeɪnd wʌt ɪz mæn ðæt ðaʊ ɑːrt ˈmaɪndfəl ʌv hɪm/
Line 2
The Hebrew psalmist feels the insignificance of man compared with the infinitude of the heavens.
Line 3
Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."
Line 4
There is nothing more dignified, more sublime, more awful, than a contemplation of the heavens.
/ðer ɪz ˈnʌθɪŋ mɔːr ˈdɪɡnəfaɪd mɔːr səˈblaɪm mɔːr ˈɑːfəl ðæn ə ˌkɑːntəmˈpleɪʃən ʌv ðə ˈhevənz/
Line 5
In point of grandeur, astronomy may be regarded as king of the sciences.
/ɪn pɔɪnt ʌv ɡrænˈduːr əˈstrɑːnəmi meɪ biː rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd æz kɪŋ ʌv ðə ˈsaɪənsəz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

astronomical adjective US /ˌæstrəˈnɑːmɪkəl/

relating or belonging to the science of astronomy

From this reading “ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"”

astronomy noun US /əˈstrɑːnəmi/

the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

From this reading “In point of grandeur, astronomy may be regarded as king of the sciences.”

expresses noun US /ɪkˈspresəz/

plural of “express” — mail that is distributed by a rapid and efficient system

From this reading “Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."”

grander adjective US /ˈɡrændər/

comparative of “grand” — of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading “Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."”

insignificance noun US /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnjɪfɪkəns/

the quality of having little or no significance

From this reading “The Hebrew psalmist feels the insignificance of man compared with the infinitude of the heavens.”

inventions noun US /ˌɪnˈvenʃənz/

plural of “invention” — the creation of something in the mind

From this reading “ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"”

mindful adjective US /ˈmaɪndfəl/

bearing in mind; attentive to

From this reading “ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"”

sciences noun US /ˈsaɪənsəz/

plural of “science” — a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading “In point of grandeur, astronomy may be regarded as king of the sciences.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

compared with verb + particle counted as “compare with”

In this reading “The Hebrew psalmist feels the insignificance of man compared with the infinitude of the heavens.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There is nothing more dignified, more sublime, more awful, than a contemplation of the heavens.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In point of grandeur, astronomy may be regarded as king of the sciences.

ASTRONOMICALadjectiveUS /ˌæstrəˈnɑːmɪkəl/

relating or belonging to the science of astronomy

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

astronomynounUS /əˈstrɑːnəmi/

the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

From this reading In point of grandeur, astronomy may be regarded as king of the sciences.

awfuladjectiveUS /ˈɑːfəl/

exceptionally bad or displeasing

From this reading There is nothing more dignified, more sublime, more awful, than a contemplation of the heavens.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In point of grandeur, astronomy may be regarded as king of the sciences.

comparedverbUS /kəmˈperd/

past form of “compare” — examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading The Hebrew psalmist feels the insignificance of man compared with the infinitude of the heavens.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

contemplationnounUS /ˌkɑːntəmˈpleɪʃən/

a long and thoughtful observation

From this reading There is nothing more dignified, more sublime, more awful, than a contemplation of the heavens.

dignifiedadjectiveUS /ˈdɪɡnəfaɪd/

having or expressing dignity; especially formality or stateliness in bearing or appearance

From this reading There is nothing more dignified, more sublime, more awful, than a contemplation of the heavens.

DISCOVERIESnounUS /dɪˈskʌvəriz/

plural of “discovery” — the act of discovering something

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

expressesnounUS /ɪkˈspresəz/

plural of “express” — mail that is distributed by a rapid and efficient system

From this reading Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."

feelsnounUS /fiːlz/

plural of “feel” — an intuitive awareness

From this reading The Hebrew psalmist feels the insignificance of man compared with the infinitude of the heavens.

fingersnounUS /ˈfɪŋɡərz/

plural of “finger” — any of the terminal members of the hand (sometimes excepting the thumb)

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

granderadjectiveUS /ˈɡrændər/

comparative of “grand” — of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."

grandeurnounUS /ɡrænˈduːr/

the quality of being magnificent or splendid or grand

From this reading In point of grandeur, astronomy may be regarded as king of the sciences.

hastauxiliary verbUS /hæst/

an old form of “have”, used with “thou”

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

heavensnounUS /ˈhevənz/

the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

HebrewnounUS /ˈhiːbruː/

the ancient Canaanitic language of the Hebrews that has been revived as the official language of Israel

From this reading The Hebrew psalmist feels the insignificance of man compared with the infinitude of the heavens.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

HugonounUS /ˈhjuːɡoʊ/

French poet and novelist and dramatist; leader of the romantic movement in France (1802-1885)

From this reading Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In point of grandeur, astronomy may be regarded as king of the sciences.

infinitudenoun

an infinite quantity

From this reading The Hebrew psalmist feels the insignificance of man compared with the infinitude of the heavens.

insignificancenounUS /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnjɪfɪkəns/

the quality of having little or no significance

From this reading The Hebrew psalmist feels the insignificance of man compared with the infinitude of the heavens.

interioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."

INVENTIONSnounUS /ˌɪnˈvenʃənz/

plural of “invention” — the creation of something in the mind

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading In point of grandeur, astronomy may be regarded as king of the sciences.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading In point of grandeur, astronomy may be regarded as king of the sciences.

mindfuladjectiveUS /ˈmaɪndfəl/

bearing in mind; attentive to

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

moonnounUS /muːn/

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading There is nothing more dignified, more sublime, more awful, than a contemplation of the heavens.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading There is nothing more dignified, more sublime, more awful, than a contemplation of the heavens.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."

ordainedadjectiveUS /ɔːrˈdeɪnd/

fixed or established especially by order or command

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading In point of grandeur, astronomy may be regarded as king of the sciences.

psalmistnoun

a composer of sacred songs

From this reading The Hebrew psalmist feels the insignificance of man compared with the infinitude of the heavens.

regardedverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading In point of grandeur, astronomy may be regarded as king of the sciences.

sciencesnounUS /ˈsaɪənsəz/

plural of “science” — a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading In point of grandeur, astronomy may be regarded as king of the sciences.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."

spectaclenounUS /ˈspektəkəl/

something or someone seen (especially a notable or unusual sight)

From this reading Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."

starsnounUS /stɑːrz/

plural of “star” — (astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

sublimeadjectiveUS /səˈblaɪm/

inspiring awe

From this reading There is nothing more dignified, more sublime, more awful, than a contemplation of the heavens.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."

thydeterminerUS /ðaɪ/

an old word for “your”, speaking to one person

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

VictornounUS /ˈvɪktər/

a combatant who is able to defeat rivals

From this reading Victor Hugo expresses the opposite thought: "There is one spectacle grander than the sea--that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander than the sky--that is the interior of the soul."

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Hebrew psalmist feels the insignificance of man compared with the infinitude of the heavens.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained, what is man, that thou art mindful of him?"

Chapter 8 of Great Inventions and Discoveries by Willis Duff Piercy holds 106 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Great Inventions and Discoveries contain?

Chapter 8 holds 106 sentences of Great Inventions and Discoveries, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Great Inventions and Discoveries by Willis Duff Piercy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 106 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Great Inventions and Discoveries?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Great Inventions and Discoveries

Common questions about reading Great Inventions and Discoveries by Willis Duff Piercy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Great Inventions and Discoveries?

Yes. All 2167 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37574 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Great Inventions and Discoveries is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37574, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Great Inventions and Discoveries take to read?

About 180 minutes of reading across 434 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Great Inventions and Discoveries section by section

How to work through Great Inventions and Discoveries section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Great Inventions and Discoveries

Words and structures a reader meets early in Great Inventions and Discoveries, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lived
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Branches
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Trees
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.