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Great Inventions and Discoveries
Great Inventions and Discoveries

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of Great Inventions and Discoveries is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE FRICTION MATCH The biggest things are not always the most important.
A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.
It is the friction match.
Fire is one of man's absolute necessities.
Without it civilization would have been impossible, and life could scarcely continue.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Great Inventions and Discoveries

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of Great Inventions and Discoveries is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FRICTION MATCH The biggest things are not always the most important.
/ðə ˈfrɪkʃən mætʃ ðə ˈbɪɡəst θɪŋz ɑːr nɑːt ˈɔːlweɪz ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/
Line 2
A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.
/ə ˈlɪtəl ˈɑːrtəkəl juːzd ˈmeni taɪmz ɪn ðə kɔːrs ʌv ˈevəri deɪ ənd fəˈmɪljər tuː ˈevəri ˈpɜːrsən ɪz wʌn ʌv ðə wɜːrldz ɡreɪt ˌɪnˈvenʃənz/
Line 3
It is the friction match.
/ɪt ɪz ðə ˈfrɪkʃən mætʃ/
Line 4
Fire is one of man's absolute necessities.
/ˈfaɪər ɪz wʌn ʌv mænz ˈæbsəluːt nəˈsesɪtiz/
Line 5
Without it civilization would have been impossible, and life could scarcely continue.
/wɪˈθaʊt ɪt ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən wʊd hæv bɪn ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl ənd laɪf kʊd ˈskersli kənˈtɪnjuː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

absolute adjective US /ˈæbsəluːt/

perfect or complete or pure

From this reading “Fire is one of man's absolute necessities.”

article noun US /ˈɑːrtəkəl/

nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading “A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.”

biggest adjective US /ˈbɪɡəst/

superlative of “big” — above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading “THE FRICTION MATCH The biggest things are not always the most important.”

civilization noun US /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading “Without it civilization would have been impossible, and life could scarcely continue.”

friction noun US /ˈfrɪkʃən/

a state of conflict between persons

From this reading “THE FRICTION MATCH The biggest things are not always the most important.”

inventions noun US /ˌɪnˈvenʃənz/

plural of “invention” — the creation of something in the mind

From this reading “A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.”

necessities noun US /nəˈsesɪtiz/

plural of “necessity” — the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading “Fire is one of man's absolute necessities.”

world's noun US /wɜːrldz/

possessive form of “world” — everything that exists anywhere

From this reading “A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

absolute necessities adjective + noun counted as “absolute necessity”

In this reading “Fire is one of man's absolute necessities.”

most important adverb + adjective

In this reading “THE FRICTION MATCH The biggest things are not always the most important.”

many times adjective + noun

In this reading “A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.”

All words in this reading · 45

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

absoluteadjectiveUS /ˈæbsəluːt/

perfect or complete or pure

From this reading Fire is one of man's absolute necessities.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading THE FRICTION MATCH The biggest things are not always the most important.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE FRICTION MATCH The biggest things are not always the most important.

articlenounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəl/

nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Without it civilization would have been impossible, and life could scarcely continue.

biggestadjectiveUS /ˈbɪɡəst/

superlative of “big” — above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading THE FRICTION MATCH The biggest things are not always the most important.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading Without it civilization would have been impossible, and life could scarcely continue.

continueverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading Without it civilization would have been impossible, and life could scarcely continue.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Without it civilization would have been impossible, and life could scarcely continue.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

FireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Fire is one of man's absolute necessities.

FRICTIONnounUS /ˈfrɪkʃən/

a state of conflict between persons

From this reading THE FRICTION MATCH The biggest things are not always the most important.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Without it civilization would have been impossible, and life could scarcely continue.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading THE FRICTION MATCH The biggest things are not always the most important.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading Without it civilization would have been impossible, and life could scarcely continue.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

inventionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈvenʃənz/

plural of “invention” — the creation of something in the mind

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is the friction match.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Without it civilization would have been impossible, and life could scarcely continue.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Fire is one of man's absolute necessities.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

MATCHverbUS /mætʃ/

be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics

From this reading THE FRICTION MATCH The biggest things are not always the most important.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading THE FRICTION MATCH The biggest things are not always the most important.

necessitiesnounUS /nəˈsesɪtiz/

plural of “necessity” — the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading Fire is one of man's absolute necessities.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE FRICTION MATCH The biggest things are not always the most important.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Without it civilization would have been impossible, and life could scarcely continue.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FRICTION MATCH The biggest things are not always the most important.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading THE FRICTION MATCH The biggest things are not always the most important.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

WithoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Without it civilization would have been impossible, and life could scarcely continue.

world'snounUS /wɜːrldz/

possessive form of “world” — everything that exists anywhere

From this reading A little article, used many times in the course of every day and familiar to every person, is one of the world's great inventions.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Without it civilization would have been impossible, and life could scarcely continue.

Chapter 13 of Great Inventions and Discoveries by Willis Duff Piercy holds 96 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of Great Inventions and Discoveries contain?

Chapter 13 holds 96 sentences of Great Inventions and Discoveries, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of Great Inventions and Discoveries by Willis Duff Piercy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 96 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of Great Inventions and Discoveries?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Great Inventions and Discoveries

Common questions about reading Great Inventions and Discoveries by Willis Duff Piercy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Great Inventions and Discoveries?

Yes. All 2167 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37574 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Great Inventions and Discoveries is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37574, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Great Inventions and Discoveries take to read?

About 180 minutes of reading across 434 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Great Inventions and Discoveries section by section

How to work through Great Inventions and Discoveries section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Great Inventions and Discoveries to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Great Inventions and Discoveries

Words and structures a reader meets early in Great Inventions and Discoveries, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lived
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Branches
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Trees
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.