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Great Inventions and Discoveries
Great Inventions and Discoveries

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Great Inventions and Discoveries is here in full — 157 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Great Inventions and Discoveries
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.
Howe was born at Spencer, Massachusetts, July 9, 1819.
His father was a miller, and work in the mills gave the son's mind a bent toward machinery.
One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.
"What are you bothering yourselves with a knitting machine for?
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Great Inventions and Discoveries

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Great Inventions and Discoveries is here in full — 157 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.
/sʌm məˈʃiːnz ðə ˈsoʊɪŋ məˈʃiːn ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən oʊz ðə ˌɪnˈvenʃən ʌv ðə ˈsoʊɪŋ məˈʃiːn tuː əˈlaɪəs haʊ æn əˈmerəkən/
Line 2
Howe was born at Spencer, Massachusetts, July 9, 1819.
Line 3
His father was a miller, and work in the mills gave the son's mind a bent toward machinery.
/hɪz ˈfɑːðər wɑːz ə ˈmɪlər ənd wɜːrk ɪn ðə mɪlz ɡeɪv ðə sʌnz maɪnd ə bent təˈwɔːrd məˈʃiːnəri/
Line 4
One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.
Line 5
"What are you bothering yourselves with a knitting machine for?
/wʌt ɑːr juː ˈbɑːðərɪŋ jʊrˈselvz wɪð ə ˈnɪtɪŋ məˈʃiːn fɔːr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bothering verb US /ˈbɑːðərɪŋ/

-ing form of “bother” — take the trouble to do something; concern oneself

From this reading “"What are you bothering yourselves with a knitting machine for?”

Elias noun US /əˈlaɪəs/

plural of “elia” — English essayist (1775-1834)

From this reading “SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.”

Howe noun US /haʊ/

United States editor (1920-1993)

From this reading “SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.”

knitting noun US /ˈnɪtɪŋ/

needlework created by interlacing yarn in a series of connected loops using straight eyeless needles or by machine

From this reading “One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.”

Massachusetts noun US /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsəts/

a state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading “Howe was born at Spencer, Massachusetts, July 9, 1819.”

owes verb US /oʊz/

third-person singular of “owe” — be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading “SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.”

son's noun US /sʌnz/

possessive form of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading “His father was a miller, and work in the mills gave the son's mind a bent toward machinery.”

Spencer noun US /ˈspensər/

English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies (1820-1903)

From this reading “Howe was born at Spencer, Massachusetts, July 9, 1819.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

SEWING MACHINE noun + noun

a textile machine used as a home appliance for sewing

In this reading “SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.”

overheard a conversation verb + article + noun counted as “overhear … conversation”

In this reading “One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1819

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Howe was born at Spencer, Massachusetts, July 9, 1819.

1839

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.

9

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Howe was born at Spencer, Massachusetts, July 9, 1819.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading His father was a miller, and work in the mills gave the son's mind a bent toward machinery.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His father was a miller, and work in the mills gave the son's mind a bent toward machinery.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "What are you bothering yourselves with a knitting machine for?

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Howe was born at Spencer, Massachusetts, July 9, 1819.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading His father was a miller, and work in the mills gave the son's mind a bent toward machinery.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading Howe was born at Spencer, Massachusetts, July 9, 1819.

BostonnounUS /ˈbɑːstən/

state capital and largest city of Massachusetts; a major center for banking and financial services

From this reading One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.

botheringverbUS /ˈbɑːðərɪŋ/

-ing form of “bother” — take the trouble to do something; concern oneself

From this reading "What are you bothering yourselves with a knitting machine for?

CivilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.

EliasnounUS /əˈlaɪəs/

plural of “elia” — English essayist (1775-1834)

From this reading SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His father was a miller, and work in the mills gave the son's mind a bent toward machinery.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "What are you bothering yourselves with a knitting machine for?

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading His father was a miller, and work in the mills gave the son's mind a bent toward machinery.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His father was a miller, and work in the mills gave the son's mind a bent toward machinery.

HowenounUS /haʊ/

United States editor (1920-1993)

From this reading SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading His father was a miller, and work in the mills gave the son's mind a bent toward machinery.

inventionnounUS /ˌɪnˈvenʃən/

the creation of something in the mind

From this reading SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading Howe was born at Spencer, Massachusetts, July 9, 1819.

knittingnounUS /ˈnɪtɪŋ/

needlework created by interlacing yarn in a series of connected loops using straight eyeless needles or by machine

From this reading One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.

MACHINEnounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.

machine-shop

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.

machinerynounUS /məˈʃiːnəri/

machines or machine systems collectively

From this reading His father was a miller, and work in the mills gave the son's mind a bent toward machinery.

MACHINESnounUS /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.

MassachusettsnounUS /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsəts/

a state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Howe was born at Spencer, Massachusetts, July 9, 1819.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.

millernounUS /ˈmɪlər/

United States bandleader of a popular big band (1909-1944)

From this reading His father was a miller, and work in the mills gave the son's mind a bent toward machinery.

millsnounUS /mɪlz/

United States architect who was the presidentially appointed architect of Washington D.C. (1781-1855)

From this reading His father was a miller, and work in the mills gave the son's mind a bent toward machinery.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading His father was a miller, and work in the mills gave the son's mind a bent toward machinery.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.

overheardverbUS /ˈoʊvərˈhɜːrd/

inflected form of “overhear” — hear, usually without the knowledge of the speakers

From this reading One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.

owesverbUS /oʊz/

third-person singular of “owe” — be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.

regardingverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.

SEWINGnounUS /ˈsoʊɪŋ/

joining or attaching by stitches

From this reading SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.

SOMEadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.

son'snounUS /sʌnz/

possessive form of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading His father was a miller, and work in the mills gave the son's mind a bent toward machinery.

SpencernounUS /ˈspensər/

English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies (1820-1903)

From this reading Howe was born at Spencer, Massachusetts, July 9, 1819.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading SOME MACHINES THE SEWING MACHINE Civilization owes the invention of the sewing machine to Elias Howe, an American.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading His father was a miller, and work in the mills gave the son's mind a bent toward machinery.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Howe was born at Spencer, Massachusetts, July 9, 1819.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading "What are you bothering yourselves with a knitting machine for?

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading "What are you bothering yourselves with a knitting machine for?

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading His father was a miller, and work in the mills gave the son's mind a bent toward machinery.

workingadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading One day in 1839 while Howe was working in a machine-shop in Boston, he overheard a conversation among some men regarding the invention of a knitting machine.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "What are you bothering yourselves with a knitting machine for?

yourselvespronounUS /jʊrˈselvz/

used when the people spoken to are both doing and receiving the action

From this reading "What are you bothering yourselves with a knitting machine for?

Chapter 16 of Great Inventions and Discoveries by Willis Duff Piercy holds 157 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Great Inventions and Discoveries contain?

Chapter 16 holds 157 sentences of Great Inventions and Discoveries, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Great Inventions and Discoveries by Willis Duff Piercy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 157 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Great Inventions and Discoveries?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Great Inventions and Discoveries

Common questions about reading Great Inventions and Discoveries by Willis Duff Piercy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Great Inventions and Discoveries?

Yes. All 2167 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37574 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Great Inventions and Discoveries is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37574, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Great Inventions and Discoveries take to read?

About 180 minutes of reading across 434 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Great Inventions and Discoveries section by section

How to work through Great Inventions and Discoveries section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Great Inventions and Discoveries to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Great Inventions and Discoveries

Words and structures a reader meets early in Great Inventions and Discoveries, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lived
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Branches
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Trees
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Great Inventions and Discoveries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.