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Perseus and the Gorgon Medusa
Perseus and the Gorgon Medusa

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Perseus and the Gorgon Medusa is here in full — 53 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Perseus and the Gorgon Medusa
Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.
It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.
Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.
The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.
Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Perseus and the Gorgon Medusa

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Perseus and the Gorgon Medusa is here in full — 53 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.
Line 2
It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.
Line 3
Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.
/sʌm ʌv ðə ɡɑːdz wɜːr skɪld ɪn ðə ɑːrt ʌv ˈhiːlɪŋ bʌt noʊ wʌn kʊd rɪˈliːv ˈdʒuːpətərz ˈsʌfərɪŋ nɔːr tel wʌt maɪt biː ðə kɑːz ʌv hɪz peɪn/
Line 4
The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.
/ðə ˈtrʌbəl ɡruː wɜːrs ənd wɜːrs ənˈtɪl ɪt wɑːz tuː səˈvɪr fɔːr ˈiːvɪn ə ɡɑːd tuː enˈdjʊr soʊ ˈdʒuːpətər beɪd hɪz sʌn ˈvʌlkən teɪk æn æks ənd splɪt ˈoʊ.pən hɪz hed/
Line 5
Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

healing noun US /ˈhiːlɪŋ/

the natural process by which the body repairs itself

From this reading “Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.”

Jupiter noun US /ˈdʒuːpətər/

the largest planet and the 5th from the sun; has many satellites and is one of the brightest objects in the night sky

From this reading “Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.”

Jupiter's noun US /ˈdʒuːpətərz/

possessive form of “jupiter” — the largest planet and the 5th from the sun; has many satellites and is one of the brightest objects in the night sky

From this reading “Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.”

Minerva noun US /məˈnɜːrvə/

(Roman mythology) goddess of wisdom; counterpart of Greek Athena

From this reading “Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.”

Olympus noun US /oʊˈlɪmpəs/

a mountain peak in northeast Greece near the Aegean coast; believed by ancient Greeks to be the dwelling place of the gods (9,570 feet high)

From this reading “Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.”

skilled adjective US /skɪld/

having or showing or requiring special skill

From this reading “Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.”

thwart noun US /θwɔːrt/

a crosspiece spreading the gunnels of a boat; used as a seat in a rowboat

From this reading “Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.”

Vulcan noun US /ˈvʌlkən/

(Roman mythology) god of fire and metal working; counterpart of Greek Hephaestus

From this reading “The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

armornounUS /ˈɑːrmər/

protective covering made of metal and used in combat

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

axnounUS /æks/

an edge tool with a heavy bladed head mounted across a handle

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

badenounUS /beɪd/

a Chadic language spoken in northern Nigeria

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

blowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

brown-winged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.

cladadjectiveUS /klæd/

wearing or provided with clothing; sometimes used in combination

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

cloud-wrapped

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

complainedverbUS /kəmˈpleɪnd/

past form of “complain” — express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.

daringnounUS /ˈderɪŋ/

a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

divineadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪn/

emanating from God

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

dweltverbUS /dwelt/

inflected form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

endureverbUS /enˈdjʊr/

put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

FathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

flyingadjectiveUS /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

moving swiftly

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

godnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

godsnounUS /ɡɑːdz/

plural of “god” — the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

happeningnounUS /ˈhæpənɪŋ/

an event that happens

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

healingnounUS /ˈhiːlɪŋ/

the natural process by which the body repairs itself

From this reading Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

immortaladjUS /ɪˈmɔːr.t̬əl/

Living forever; never dying or decaying. (Bất tử, trường tồn vĩnh cửu.)

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

JupiternounUS /ˈdʒuːpətər/

the largest planet and the 5th from the sun; has many satellites and is one of the brightest objects in the night sky

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

Jupiter'snounUS /ˈdʒuːpətərz/

possessive form of “jupiter” — the largest planet and the 5th from the sun; has many satellites and is one of the brightest objects in the night sky

From this reading Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

maidennounUS /ˈmeɪdən/

an unmarried girl (especially a virgin)

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

marvelousadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːrvələs/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.

MinervanounUS /məˈnɜːrvə/

(Roman mythology) goddess of wisdom; counterpart of Greek Athena

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

mischief-makingnoun

reckless or malicious behavior that causes discomfort or annoyance in others

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

obeyedverbUS /oʊˈbeɪd/

past form of “obey” — be obedient to

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

occurredverbUS /əˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

OlympusnounUS /oʊˈlɪmpəs/

a mountain peak in northeast Greece near the Aegean coast; believed by ancient Greeks to be the dwelling place of the gods (9,570 feet high)

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

painnounUS /peɪn/

a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

relieveverbUS /rɪˈliːv/

provide physical relief, as from pain

From this reading Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

skilledadjectiveUS /skɪld/

having or showing or requiring special skill

From this reading Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

spearnounUS /spɪr/

a long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

splitverbUS /splɪt/

separate into parts or portions

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

sprangverbUS /spræŋ/

inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

sufferingnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

a state of acute pain

From this reading Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.

summitnounUS /ˈsʌmət/

the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

thwartnounUS /θwɔːrt/

a crosspiece spreading the gunnels of a boat; used as a seat in a rowboat

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

tremblingly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

unheard-ofadjective

previously unknown

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

VulcannounUS /ˈvʌlkən/

(Roman mythology) god of fire and metal working; counterpart of Greek Hephaestus

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Some of the gods were skilled in the art of healing; but no one could relieve Jupiter's suffering, nor tell what might be the cause of his pain.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It was, therefore, a most unheard-of happening when the Father of the gods complained one day of a terrible pain in his head.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Minerva I Although the brown-winged spirits of evil were kept busy flying up and down the earth, their mischief-making never reached those immortal ones who dwelt above the cloud-wrapped summit of Olympus.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Not daring to thwart the divine will, Vulcan tremblingly obeyed; and at the first blow a marvelous thing occurred, for out of Jupiter's head sprang a maiden clad in armor and bearing a spear in her hand.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading The trouble grew worse and worse until it was too severe for even a god to endure; so Jupiter bade his son Vulcan take an ax and split open his head.

Chapter 4 of Perseus and the Gorgon Medusa by Classical Greek & Roman Sagas (Hesiod, Ovid & Homer) holds 53 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Perseus and the Gorgon Medusa contain?

Chapter 4 holds 53 sentences of Perseus and the Gorgon Medusa, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Perseus and the Gorgon Medusa by Classical Greek & Roman Sagas (Hesiod, Ovid & Homer) exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 53 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Vocabulary met early in Perseus and the Gorgon Medusa

Words and structures a reader meets early in Perseus and the Gorgon Medusa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Perseus and the Gorgon Medusa, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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