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Greifenstein
Greifenstein

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Greifenstein is here in full — 162 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.
She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.
During the greater part of her existence she had lived without any companions but her mother and the faithful Berbel.
But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.
Even the sky was not blue.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Greifenstein

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Greifenstein is here in full — 162 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.
Line 2
She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.
Line 3
During the greater part of her existence she had lived without any companions but her mother and the faithful Berbel.
Line 4
But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.
Line 5
Even the sky was not blue.
/ˈiːvɪn ðə skaɪ wɑːz nɑːt bluː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dismantled adjective US /dɪˈsmæntəld/

torn down and broken up

From this reading “But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.”

Faust noun US /faʊst/

an alchemist of German legend who sold his soul to Mephistopheles in exchange for knowledge

From this reading “She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.”

influenced verb US /ˈɪnfluːənst/

past form of “influence” — have and exert influence or effect

From this reading “To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.”

omniscient adjective US /ɑːmˈnɪʃənt/

infinitely wise

From this reading “She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.”

stronghold noun US /ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/

a strongly fortified defensive structure

From this reading “But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.”

tops adjective US /tɑːps/

of the highest quality

From this reading “But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.”

torrent noun US /ˈtɔːrənt/

a heavy rain

From this reading “But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.”

tumbling noun US /ˈtʌmbəlɪŋ/

the gymnastic moves of an acrobat

From this reading “But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading During the greater part of her existence she had lived without any companions but her mother and the faithful Berbel.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

Berbel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the greater part of her existence she had lived without any companions but her mother and the faithful Berbel.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading Even the sky was not blue.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading During the greater part of her existence she had lived without any companions but her mother and the faithful Berbel.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

companionsnounUS /kəmˈpænjənz/

plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading During the greater part of her existence she had lived without any companions but her mother and the faithful Berbel.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

damselnounUS /ˈdæmzəl/

a young unmarried woman

From this reading She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

deeperadverbUS /ˈdiːpər/

comparative of “deeply” — to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

dismantledadjectiveUS /dɪˈsmæntəld/

torn down and broken up

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the greater part of her existence she had lived without any companions but her mother and the faithful Berbel.

eighteenadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːn/

being one more than seventeen

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

endlessadjectiveUS /ˈendləs/

tiresomely long; seemingly without end

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even the sky was not blue.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading During the greater part of her existence she had lived without any companions but her mother and the faithful Berbel.

faithfuladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪθfəl/

steadfast in affection or allegiance

From this reading During the greater part of her existence she had lived without any companions but her mother and the faithful Berbel.

FaustnounUS /faʊst/

an alchemist of German legend who sold his soul to Mephistopheles in exchange for knowledge

From this reading She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

giantnounUS /ˈdʒaɪənt/

any creature of exceptional size

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading During the greater part of her existence she had lived without any companions but her mother and the faithful Berbel.

Gretchen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading During the greater part of her existence she had lived without any companions but her mother and the faithful Berbel.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading During the greater part of her existence she had lived without any companions but her mother and the faithful Berbel.

Hilda

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

hugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

imagineverbUS /ˌɪˈmædʒən/

form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

influencedverbUS /ˈɪnfluːənst/

past form of “influence” — have and exert influence or effect

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading During the greater part of her existence she had lived without any companions but her mother and the faithful Berbel.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.

majoritynounUS /məˈdʒɔːrəti/

the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading During the greater part of her existence she had lived without any companions but her mother and the faithful Berbel.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

omniscientadjectiveUS /ɑːmˈnɪʃənt/

infinitely wise

From this reading She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading During the greater part of her existence she had lived without any companions but her mother and the faithful Berbel.

pointsnounUS /pɔɪnts/

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

ruinedadjectiveUS /ˈruːənd/

destroyed physically or morally

From this reading She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.

shadenounUS /ʃeɪd/

relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading Even the sky was not blue.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.

sombreadjective

lacking brightness or color; dull

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

strongholdnounUS /ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/

a strongly fortified defensive structure

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.

supposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

surroundingsnounUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋz/

the environmental condition

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

topsadjectiveUS /tɑːps/

of the highest quality

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

torrentnounUS /ˈtɔːrənt/

a heavy rain

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

tumblingnounUS /ˈtʌmbəlɪŋ/

the gymnastic moves of an acrobat

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading She was neither a village Gretchen, such as Faust loved and ruined, nor was she the omniscient damsel of modern society.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading But she had grown up in a wild forest country, in a huge dismantled stronghold, of which the windows looked out over the tumbling torrent, and across endless thousands of giant trees, whose dark tops rose like sombre points of shadow out of the deeper shade below.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading During the greater part of her existence she had lived without any companions but her mother and the faithful Berbel.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading To suppose that Hilda, at eighteen years of age, was like the majority of young girls as old as she, would be to imagine that human character is not influenced by its surroundings.

Chapter 1 of Greifenstein by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford holds 162 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Greifenstein contain?

Chapter 1 holds 162 sentences of Greifenstein, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Greifenstein by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 162 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Greifenstein?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Greifenstein

Common questions about reading Greifenstein by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Greifenstein?

Yes. All 7617 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6446 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Greifenstein is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6446, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Greifenstein take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1524 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Greifenstein section by section

How to work through Greifenstein section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of Greifenstein to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Greifenstein

Words and structures a reader meets early in Greifenstein, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Suppose
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Greifenstein; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hilda
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Greifenstein; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eighteen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Greifenstein; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Greifenstein; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.