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Greifenstein
Greifenstein

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Greifenstein is here in full — 281 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Greifenstein
Context Illustration Reading 1/56 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.
Forty years had passed since they had met, and both were old men.
The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.
In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.
Then young Rieseneck had entered the Prussian service, and a few years later had been ruined by the consequences of his evil.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Greifenstein

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Greifenstein is here in full — 281 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/56 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.
Line 2
Forty years had passed since they had met, and both were old men.
/ˈfɔːrti jɪrz hæd pæst sɪns ðeɪ hæd met ənd boʊθ wɜːr oʊld men/
Line 3
The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.
Line 4
In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.
Line 5
Then young Rieseneck had entered the Prussian service, and a few years later had been ruined by the consequences of his evil.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ages noun US /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading “The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.”

birth noun US /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading “The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.”

consequences noun US /ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz/

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading “Then young Rieseneck had entered the Prussian service, and a few years later had been ruined by the consequences of his evil.”

doubtful adjective US /ˈdaʊtfəl/

open to doubt or suspicion

From this reading “It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.”

Prussian noun US /ˈprʌʃən/

a German inhabitant of Prussia

From this reading “Then young Rieseneck had entered the Prussian service, and a few years later had been ruined by the consequences of his evil.”

recognised adjective US /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

provided with a secure reputation

From this reading “It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.”

ruined adjective US /ˈruːənd/

destroyed physically or morally

From this reading “Then young Rieseneck had entered the Prussian service, and a few years later had been ruined by the consequences of his evil.”

son's noun US /sʌnz/

possessive form of “son” — a male human offspring

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Forty years had passed since they had met, and both were old men.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Forty years had passed since they had met, and both were old men.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

consequencesnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz/

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Then young Rieseneck had entered the Prussian service, and a few years later had been ruined by the consequences of his evil.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

differencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

doubtfuladjectiveUS /ˈdaʊtfəl/

open to doubt or suspicion

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Then young Rieseneck had entered the Prussian service, and a few years later had been ruined by the consequences of his evil.

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading Then young Rieseneck had entered the Prussian service, and a few years later had been ruined by the consequences of his evil.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Then young Rieseneck had entered the Prussian service, and a few years later had been ruined by the consequences of his evil.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

FortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading Forty years had passed since they had met, and both were old men.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

Greifenstein

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

Greifenstein's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

half-brothernoun

a brother who has only one parent in common with you

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Forty years had passed since they had met, and both were old men.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Forty years had passed since they had met, and both were old men.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Forty years had passed since they had met, and both were old men.

PrussiannounUS /ˈprʌʃən/

a German inhabitant of Prussia

From this reading Then young Rieseneck had entered the Prussian service, and a few years later had been ruined by the consequences of his evil.

recognisedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

provided with a secure reputation

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

Rieseneck

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then young Rieseneck had entered the Prussian service, and a few years later had been ruined by the consequences of his evil.

ruinedadjectiveUS /ˈruːənd/

destroyed physically or morally

From this reading Then young Rieseneck had entered the Prussian service, and a few years later had been ruined by the consequences of his evil.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading Then young Rieseneck had entered the Prussian service, and a few years later had been ruined by the consequences of his evil.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Forty years had passed since they had met, and both were old men.

son'snounUS /sʌnz/

possessive form of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then young Rieseneck had entered the Prussian service, and a few years later had been ruined by the consequences of his evil.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Forty years had passed since they had met, and both were old men.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Forty years had passed since they had met, and both were old men.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognised his brother, if he had met him under any other circumstances.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The difference between their ages was not great, for Greifenstein’s father had died within the year of his son’s birth, and his mother had married again three years later.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Forty years had passed since they had met, and both were old men.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading In her turn she had died when both were young men, and from that time Greifenstein had seen little of his half-brother, who had been brought up by his own father in a different part of the country.

Chapter 10 of Greifenstein by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford holds 281 sentences, grouped into 57 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Greifenstein contain?

Chapter 10 holds 281 sentences of Greifenstein, unabridged, divided into 57 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Greifenstein by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 281 sentences, grouped into 57 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Greifenstein?

Work through the 57 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 57 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Greifenstein

Common questions about reading Greifenstein by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Greifenstein?

Yes. All 7617 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6446 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Greifenstein is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6446, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Greifenstein take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1524 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Greifenstein section by section

How to work through Greifenstein section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of Greifenstein to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Greifenstein

Words and structures a reader meets early in Greifenstein, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Suppose
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Greifenstein; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hilda
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Greifenstein; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eighteen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Greifenstein; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Greifenstein; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.