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Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland
Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland is here in full — 443 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland
Context Illustration Reading 1/88 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Author of "John Herring" "Mehalah" "Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas" &c.
*PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.
At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.
So I had to learn Danish in order to learn Icelandic.
It was laborious work making out the Saga, and every line when I began took me some time to understand.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland is here in full — 443 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/88 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Author of "John Herring" "Mehalah" "Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas" &c.
Line 2
*PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.
Line 3
At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.
Line 4
So I had to learn Danish in order to learn Icelandic.
/soʊ aɪ hæd tuː lɜːrn ˈdeɪnɪʃ ɪn ˈɔːrdər tuː lɜːrn aɪˈslændɪk/
Line 5
It was laborious work making out the Saga, and every line when I began took me some time to understand.
/ɪt wɑːz ləˈbɔːriəs wɜːrk ˈmeɪkɪŋ aʊt ðə ˈsɑːɡə ənd ˈevəri laɪn wen aɪ bɪˈɡæn tʊk miː sʌm taɪm tuː ˌʌndərˈstænd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Danish noun US /ˈdeɪnɪʃ/

a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Denmark

From this reading “At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.”

dictionary noun US /ˈdɪkʃəneri/

a reference book containing an alphabetical list of words with information about them

From this reading “At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.”

Herring noun US /ˈherɪŋ/

valuable flesh of fatty fish from shallow waters of northern Atlantic or Pacific; usually salted or pickled

From this reading “Author of "John Herring" "Mehalah" "Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas" &c.”

Iceland noun US /ˈaɪslənd/

an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944

From this reading “Author of "John Herring" "Mehalah" "Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas" &c.”

Icelandic noun US /aɪˈslændɪk/

a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Iceland

From this reading “*PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.”

laborious adjective US /ləˈbɔːriəs/

characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

From this reading “It was laborious work making out the Saga, and every line when I began took me some time to understand.”

Saga noun US /ˈsɑːɡə/

a narrative telling the adventures of a hero or a family; originally (12th to 14th centuries) a story of the families that settled Iceland and their descendants but now any prose narrative that resembles such an account

From this reading “*PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.”

Sagas noun US /ˈsɑːɡəz/

plural of “saga” — a narrative telling the adventures of a hero or a family; originally (12th to 14th centuries) a story of the families that settled Iceland and their descendants but now any prose narrative that resembles such an account

From this reading “Author of "John Herring" "Mehalah" "Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas" &c.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

thirty years noun + noun

In this reading “*PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.”

some time adjective + noun

In this reading “It was laborious work making out the Saga, and every line when I began took me some time to understand.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “So I had to learn Danish in order to learn Icelandic.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Author of "John Herring" "Mehalah" "Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas" &c.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.

AuthornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Author of "John Herring" "Mehalah" "Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas" &c.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

cnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading Author of "John Herring" "Mehalah" "Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas" &c.

DanishnounUS /ˈdeɪnɪʃ/

a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Denmark

From this reading At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.

dictionarynounUS /ˈdɪkʃəneri/

a reference book containing an alphabetical list of words with information about them

From this reading At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading It was laborious work making out the Saga, and every line when I began took me some time to understand.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

grammarnounUS /ˈɡræmər/

the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)

From this reading At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.

Grettir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.

HerringnounUS /ˈherɪŋ/

valuable flesh of fatty fish from shallow waters of northern Atlantic or Pacific; usually salted or pickled

From this reading Author of "John Herring" "Mehalah" "Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas" &c.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

IcelandnounUS /ˈaɪslənd/

an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944

From this reading Author of "John Herring" "Mehalah" "Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas" &c.

IcelandicnounUS /aɪˈslændɪk/

a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Iceland

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

Icelandic-Danish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Author of "John Herring" "Mehalah" "Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas" &c.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Author of "John Herring" "Mehalah" "Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas" &c.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.

laboriousadjectiveUS /ləˈbɔːriəs/

characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

From this reading It was laborious work making out the Saga, and every line when I began took me some time to understand.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading So I had to learn Danish in order to learn Icelandic.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading It was laborious work making out the Saga, and every line when I began took me some time to understand.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading It was laborious work making out the Saga, and every line when I began took me some time to understand.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was laborious work making out the Saga, and every line when I began took me some time to understand.

Mehalah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Author of "John Herring" "Mehalah" "Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas" &c.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Author of "John Herring" "Mehalah" "Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas" &c.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading So I had to learn Danish in order to learn Icelandic.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading It was laborious work making out the Saga, and every line when I began took me some time to understand.

PREFACEnounUS /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

SaganounUS /ˈsɑːɡə/

a narrative telling the adventures of a hero or a family; originally (12th to 14th centuries) a story of the families that settled Iceland and their descendants but now any prose narrative that resembles such an account

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

SagasnounUS /ˈsɑːɡəz/

plural of “saga” — a narrative telling the adventures of a hero or a family; originally (12th to 14th centuries) a story of the families that settled Iceland and their descendants but now any prose narrative that resembles such an account

From this reading Author of "John Herring" "Mehalah" "Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas" &c.

ScenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading Author of "John Herring" "Mehalah" "Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas" &c.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So I had to learn Danish in order to learn Icelandic.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It was laborious work making out the Saga, and every line when I began took me some time to understand.

StrongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading It was laborious work making out the Saga, and every line when I began took me some time to understand.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading It was laborious work making out the Saga, and every line when I began took me some time to understand.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was laborious work making out the Saga, and every line when I began took me some time to understand.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It was laborious work making out the Saga, and every line when I began took me some time to understand.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading At that time I had only a Danish grammar of Icelandic and an Icelandic-Danish dictionary, and I did not know a word of Danish.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading It was laborious work making out the Saga, and every line when I began took me some time to understand.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading *PREFACE.* It is now just thirty years since I first began to read the "Saga of Grettir the Strong" in Icelandic.

Chapter 1 of Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland by S. (Sabine) Baring-Gould holds 443 sentences, grouped into 89 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland contain?

Chapter 1 holds 443 sentences of Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland, unabridged, divided into 89 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland by S. (Sabine) Baring-Gould exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 443 sentences, grouped into 89 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland?

Work through the 89 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 89 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland

Common questions about reading Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland by S. (Sabine) Baring-Gould on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland?

Yes. All 3129 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #48622 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #48622, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland take to read?

About 260 minutes of reading across 626 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland section by section

How to work through Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland

Words and structures a reader meets early in Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Herring
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mehalah
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Iceland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.