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Grif: A Story of Australian Life
Grif: A Story of Australian Life

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Grif: A Story of Australian Life is here in full — 288 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Grif: A Story of Australian Life
Context Illustration Reading 1/57 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
GRIF RELATES SOME OF HIS EXPERIENCES.
In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.
From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.
It had lived a wicked and depraved life, had this house, which might account for its premature decay.
It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Grif: A Story of Australian Life

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Grif: A Story of Australian Life is here in full — 288 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/57 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GRIF RELATES SOME OF HIS EXPERIENCES.
Line 2
In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.
Line 3
From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.
Line 4
It had lived a wicked and depraved life, had this house, which might account for its premature decay.
/ɪt hæd lɪvd ə ˈwɪkəd ənd diˈpreɪvd laɪf hæd ðɪs haʊs wɪtʃ maɪt əˈkaʊnt fɔːr ɪts ˌpriːməˈtʃʊr dɪˈkeɪ/
Line 5
It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

casing noun US /ˈkeɪsɪŋ/

the housing or outer covering of something

From this reading “It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.”

depraved adjective US /diˈpreɪvd/

deviating from what is considered moral or right or proper or good

From this reading “It had lived a wicked and depraved life, had this house, which might account for its premature decay.”

hovels noun US /ˈhʌvəlz/

plural of “hovel” — small crude shelter used as a dwelling

From this reading “In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.”

jostle verb US /ˈdʒɑːsəl/

make one's way by jostling, pushing, or shoving

From this reading “In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.”

likened verb US /ˈlaɪkənd/

past form of “liken” — consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous

From this reading “In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.”

populated adjective US /ˈpɑːpjəleɪtɪd/

furnished with inhabitants

From this reading “In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.”

thoroughfares noun US /ˈθɜːroʊferz/

plural of “thoroughfare” — a public road from one place to another

From this reading “In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.”

wrinkle verb US /ˈrɪŋkəl/

gather or contract into wrinkles or folds; pucker

From this reading “It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

narrow lanes verb + noun counted as “narrow lane”

In this reading “In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.”

breathing space noun + noun

a short respite

In this reading “In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.”

dozen years noun + noun

In this reading “From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.”

old sinner adjective + noun

In this reading “It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.”

in reality preposition + noun

used to imply that one would expect the fact to be the opposite of that stated; surprisingly

In this reading “From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.”

struggle for verb + particle

In this reading “In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.”

crowd of verb + particle

In this reading “In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

abjectadjectiveUS /ˈæbdʒekt/

of the most contemptible kind

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading It had lived a wicked and depraved life, had this house, which might account for its premature decay.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

apparentadjectiveUS /əˈperənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

barelyadverbUS /ˈberli/

only a very short time before

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

basenounUS /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

breathingnounUS /ˈbriːðɪŋ/

the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

casingnounUS /ˈkeɪsɪŋ/

the housing or outer covering of something

From this reading It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

crowdverbUS /kraʊd/

cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

decaynounUS /dɪˈkeɪ/

the process of gradually becoming inferior

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

depravedadjectiveUS /diˈpreɪvd/

deviating from what is considered moral or right or proper or good

From this reading It had lived a wicked and depraved life, had this house, which might account for its premature decay.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

dozennounUS /ˈdʌzən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.

EXPERIENCESnounUS /ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz/

plural of “experience” — the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities

From this reading GRIF RELATES SOME OF HIS EXPERIENCES.

filthyadjectiveUS /ˈfɪlθi/

disgustingly dirty; filled or smeared with offensive matter

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

frowningadjectiveUS /ˈfraʊnɪŋ/

showing displeasure or anger

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

gloomyadjectiveUS /ˈɡluːmi/

depressingly dark

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

GRIF

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GRIF RELATES SOME OF HIS EXPERIENCES.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It had lived a wicked and depraved life, had this house, which might account for its premature decay.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

hiddenadjectiveUS /ˈhɪdən/

not accessible to view

From this reading It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading GRIF RELATES SOME OF HIS EXPERIENCES.

hoaryadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːri/

showing characteristics of age, especially having grey or white hair

From this reading It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

hovelsnounUS /ˈhʌvəlz/

plural of “hovel” — small crude shelter used as a dwelling

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

jostleverbUS /ˈdʒɑːsəl/

make one's way by jostling, pushing, or shoving

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

lanesnounUS /leɪnz/

plural of “lane” — a narrow way or road

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading It had lived a wicked and depraved life, had this house, which might account for its premature decay.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.

likenedverbUS /ˈlaɪkənd/

past form of “liken” — consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading It had lived a wicked and depraved life, had this house, which might account for its premature decay.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.

MelbournenounUS /ˈmelbərn/

a resort town in east central Florida

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

miserableadjectiveUS /ˈmɪzərəbəl/

very unhappy; full of misery

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading GRIF RELATES SOME OF HIS EXPERIENCES.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

populatedadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjəleɪtɪd/

furnished with inhabitants

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

poverty-strickenadjective

poor enough to need help from others

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

prematureadjectiveUS /ˌpriːməˈtʃʊr/

born after a gestation period of less than the normal time

From this reading It had lived a wicked and depraved life, had this house, which might account for its premature decay.

realitynounUS /ˌriːˈælətiː/

all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

RELATESverbUS /rɪˈleɪts/

third-person singular of “relate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading GRIF RELATES SOME OF HIS EXPERIENCES.

respectabilitynounUS /riˌspektəˈbɪlɪti/

honorableness by virtue of being respectable and having a good reputation

From this reading It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.

roofnounUS /ruːf/

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

rottennessnoun

in a state of progressive putrefaction

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

savagelyadverbUS /ˈsævɪdʒli/

in a vicious manner

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

shudderverbUS /ˈʃʌdər/

shake, as from cold

From this reading It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.

sinnernounUS /ˈsɪnər/

a person who sins (without repenting)

From this reading It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.

slavesnounUS /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

SOMEadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading GRIF RELATES SOME OF HIS EXPERIENCES.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

sullenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌlən/

showing a brooding ill humor

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

thicklyadverbUS /ˈθɪkli/

spoken with poor articulation as if with a thick tongue

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It had lived a wicked and depraved life, had this house, which might account for its premature decay.

thoroughfaresnounUS /ˈθɜːroʊferz/

plural of “thoroughfare” — a public road from one place to another

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

tyrantnounUS /ˈtaɪrənt/

a cruel and oppressive dictator

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

vicenounUS /vaɪs/

moral weakness

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

weather-board

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In one of the most thickly populated parts of Melbourne city, where poverty and vice struggle for breathing space, and where narrow lanes and filthy thoroughfares jostle each other savagely, there stood, surrounded by a hundred miserable hovels, a gloomy house, which might have been likened to a sullen tyrant, frowning down a crowd of abject, poverty-stricken slaves.

wickedadjectiveUS /ˈwɪkəd/

morally bad in principle or practice

From this reading It had lived a wicked and depraved life, had this house, which might account for its premature decay.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.

wrinkleverbUS /ˈrɪŋkəl/

gather or contract into wrinkles or folds; pucker

From this reading It looked like a hoary old sinner, and in every wrinkle of its weather-board casing was hidden a story which would make respectability shudder.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading From its appearance it might have been built a century ago; decay and rottenness were apparent from roof to base: but in reality it was barely a dozen years old.

Chapter 1 of Grif: A Story of Australian Life by B. L. (Benjamin Leopold) Farjeon holds 288 sentences, grouped into 58 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Grif: A Story of Australian Life contain?

Chapter 1 holds 288 sentences of Grif: A Story of Australian Life, unabridged, divided into 58 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Grif: A Story of Australian Life by B. L. (Benjamin Leopold) Farjeon exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 288 sentences, grouped into 58 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Grif: A Story of Australian Life?

Work through the 58 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 58 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Grif: A Story of Australian Life

Common questions about reading Grif: A Story of Australian Life by B. L. (Benjamin Leopold) Farjeon on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Grif: A Story of Australian Life?

Yes. All 7559 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45919 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Grif: A Story of Australian Life is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45919, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Grif: A Story of Australian Life take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1512 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Grif: A Story of Australian Life section by section

How to work through Grif: A Story of Australian Life section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of Grif: A Story of Australian Life to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Grif: A Story of Australian Life

Words and structures a reader meets early in Grif: A Story of Australian Life, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Relates
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grif: A Story of Australian Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Experiences
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grif: A Story of Australian Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thickly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grif: A Story of Australian Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Populated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grif: A Story of Australian Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.