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Grif: A Story of Australian Life
Grif: A Story of Australian Life

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Grif: A Story of Australian Life is here in full — 218 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Grif: A Story of Australian Life
Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
WELSH TOM.
"I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.
My father died when I was very young, and I cannot remember him.
My mother was a little dark-skinned woman.
I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Grif: A Story of Australian Life

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Grif: A Story of Australian Life is here in full — 218 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WELSH TOM.
/weltʃ tɑːm/
Line 2
"I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.
Line 3
My father died when I was very young, and I cannot remember him.
Line 4
My mother was a little dark-skinned woman.
Line 5
I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.
/aɪ kæn siː hɜːr naʊ ɪn hɜːr ˈwɪdoʊz wiːdz ʃiː ˈnevər left ðem ɔːf frʌm ðə taɪm ʌv maɪ ˈfɑːðərz deθ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commenced verb US /kəˈmenst/

past form of “commence” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading “"I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.”

father's noun US /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading “I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.”

idleness noun US /ˈaɪdəlnəs/

having no employment

From this reading “"I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.”

Valley noun US /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading “"I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.”

Wales noun US /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading “"I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.”

weeds noun US /wiːdz/

a black garment (dress) worn by a widow as a sign of mourning

From this reading “I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.”

welsh noun US /weltʃ/

a native or resident of Wales

From this reading “WELSH TOM.”

widow's noun US /ˈwɪdoʊz/

possessive form of “widow” — a woman whose husband is dead especially one who has not remarried

From this reading “I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

widow's weeds noun + noun counted as “widow weeds”

In this reading “I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.”

at home preposition + noun

a reception held in your own home

In this reading “"I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.”

father's death noun + noun counted as “father death”

In this reading “I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.”

All words in this reading · 51

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading My mother was a little dark-skinned woman.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My father died when I was very young, and I cannot remember him.

Clwyd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

commencedverbUS /kəˈmenst/

past form of “commence” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

dark-skinnedadjective

naturally having skin of a dark color

From this reading My mother was a little dark-skinned woman.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.

Denbighshire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading My father died when I was very young, and I cannot remember him.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading My father died when I was very young, and I cannot remember him.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading My father died when I was very young, and I cannot remember him.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

idlenessnounUS /ˈaɪdəlnəs/

having no employment

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading My mother was a little dark-skinned woman.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading My mother was a little dark-skinned woman.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading My father died when I was very young, and I cannot remember him.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.

TOMnounUS /tɑːm/

male cat

From this reading WELSH TOM.

ValleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading My father died when I was very young, and I cannot remember him.

WalesnounUS /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

weedsnounUS /wiːdz/

a black garment (dress) worn by a widow as a sign of mourning

From this reading I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.

WELSHnounUS /weltʃ/

a native or resident of Wales

From this reading WELSH TOM.

Welshmannoun

a native or resident of Wales

From this reading "I was born in North Wales," commenced the Welshman, "near the Valley of Clwyd, in Denbighshire, and I passed my days at home in idleness.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading My father died when I was very young, and I cannot remember him.

widow'snounUS /ˈwɪdoʊz/

possessive form of “widow” — a woman whose husband is dead especially one who has not remarried

From this reading I can see her now in her widow's weeds; she never left them off from the time of my father's death.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading My mother was a little dark-skinned woman.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading My father died when I was very young, and I cannot remember him.

Chapter 11 of Grif: A Story of Australian Life by B. L. (Benjamin Leopold) Farjeon holds 218 sentences, grouped into 44 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Grif: A Story of Australian Life contain?

Chapter 11 holds 218 sentences of Grif: A Story of Australian Life, unabridged, divided into 44 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Grif: A Story of Australian Life by B. L. (Benjamin Leopold) Farjeon exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 218 sentences, grouped into 44 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Grif: A Story of Australian Life?

Work through the 44 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 44 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Grif: A Story of Australian Life

Common questions about reading Grif: A Story of Australian Life by B. L. (Benjamin Leopold) Farjeon on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Grif: A Story of Australian Life?

Yes. All 7559 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45919 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Grif: A Story of Australian Life is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45919, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Grif: A Story of Australian Life take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1512 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Grif: A Story of Australian Life section by section

How to work through Grif: A Story of Australian Life section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of Grif: A Story of Australian Life to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Grif: A Story of Australian Life

Words and structures a reader meets early in Grif: A Story of Australian Life, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Relates
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grif: A Story of Australian Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Experiences
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grif: A Story of Australian Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thickly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grif: A Story of Australian Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Populated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Grif: A Story of Australian Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.