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Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic
Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic is here in full — 296 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/59 · 5 lines
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[338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.
Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.
[339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.
[340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.
Then to the aged Wâ-te stepped forth the youthful queen, right glad to greet him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic is here in full — 296 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/59 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.
Line 2
Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.
/suːn fer kloʊðz ənd ˈdʒuːəlz ðə ˈmeɪdənz ɔːl wɜːr ˈwerɪŋ ənd ˈɜːrnəstli wɜːr ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ ðə ˈmeni naɪts frʌm fɑːr tuː siː ðer ˈberɪŋ/
Line 3
[339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.
Line 4
[340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.
Line 5
Then to the aged Wâ-te stepped forth the youthful queen, right glad to greet him.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aged adjective US /eɪdʒd/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading “[340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.”

breeding noun US /ˈbriːdɪŋ/

elegance by virtue of fineness of manner and expression

From this reading “[339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.”

demeaned verb US /dɪˈmiːnd/

past form of “demean” — reduce in worth or character, usually verbally

From this reading “[339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.”

greet verb US /ɡriːt/

express greetings upon meeting someone

From this reading “Then to the aged Wâ-te stepped forth the youthful queen, right glad to greet him.”

maidens noun US /ˈmeɪdənz/

plural of “maiden” — an unmarried girl (especially a virgin)

From this reading “Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.”

maids noun US /meɪdz/

plural of “maid” — a female domestic

From this reading “[340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.”

wooing noun US /ˈwuːɪŋ/

a man's courting of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage)

From this reading “[340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.”

youthful adjective US /ˈjuːθfəl/

suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh

From this reading “Then to the aged Wâ-te stepped forth the youthful queen, right glad to greet him.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

lovely maidens adjective + noun counted as “lovely maiden”

In this reading “[339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.”

truly glad adverb + adjective

In this reading “[338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.”

lovely daughter adjective + noun

In this reading “[338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.”

fair daughter adjective + noun

In this reading “[339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.”

right glad adverb + adjective

In this reading “Then to the aged Wâ-te stepped forth the youthful queen, right glad to greet him.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

338

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

339

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

340

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

agedadjectiveUS /eɪdʒd/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

badenounUS /beɪd/

a Chadic language spoken in northern Nigeria

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.

breedingnounUS /ˈbriːdɪŋ/

elegance by virtue of fineness of manner and expression

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

demeanedverbUS /dɪˈmiːnd/

past form of “demean” — reduce in worth or character, usually verbally

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

EachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

earnestlyadverbUS /ˈɜːrnəstli/

in a serious manner

From this reading Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.

eldernounUS /ˈeldər/

a person who is older than you are

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Then to the aged Wâ-te stepped forth the youthful queen, right glad to greet him.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

grantedadjectiveUS /ˈɡræntəd/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

greetverbUS /ɡriːt/

express greetings upon meeting someone

From this reading Then to the aged Wâ-te stepped forth the youthful queen, right glad to greet him.

guardnounUS /ɡɑːrd/

a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

HerdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

Hilda

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

jewelsnounUS /ˈdʒuːəlz/

plural of “jewel” — a precious or semiprecious stone incorporated into a piece of jewelry

From this reading Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

king'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

knightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

lovelyadjectiveUS /ˈlʌvli/

appealing to the emotions as well as the eye

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

maidensnounUS /ˈmeɪdənz/

plural of “maiden” — an unmarried girl (especially a virgin)

From this reading Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.

maidsnounUS /meɪdz/

plural of “maid” — a female domestic

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

queennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading Then to the aged Wâ-te stepped forth the youthful queen, right glad to greet him.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Then to the aged Wâ-te stepped forth the youthful queen, right glad to greet him.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

SoonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.

steppedverbUS /stept/

inflected form of “step” — shift or move by taking a step

From this reading Then to the aged Wâ-te stepped forth the youthful queen, right glad to greet him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

tisnounUS /tɪz/

plural of “ti” — a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

trulyadverbUS /ˈtruːli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

watchingnounUS /ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.

wearingnounUS /ˈwerɪŋ/

(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)

From this reading Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Soon fair clothes and jewels the maidens all were wearing; And earnestly were watching the many knights from far, to see their bearing.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading [339] When now the elder Hilda sat by her daughter fair, Each one of her lovely maidens demeaned herself with care; So that all who saw her high in breeding thought her, And nothing else could say of her, but that she was indeed a king’s fair daughter.

wooingnounUS /ˈwuːɪŋ/

a man's courting of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage)

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

Wâ-te

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [340] Now bade they that old Wâ-te should to the maids be brought; Though he was gray and aged, none the less they thought, To guard against his wooing, they must as children meet him.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading [338] Her wish the king then granted, (so to us, ’tis said); His young and lovely daughter at this was truly glad.

youthfuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːθfəl/

suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh

From this reading Then to the aged Wâ-te stepped forth the youthful queen, right glad to greet him.

Chapter 4 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic by Mary Pickering [Translator] Nichols holds 296 sentences, grouped into 60 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic contain?

Chapter 4 holds 296 sentences of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic, unabridged, divided into 60 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic by Mary Pickering [Translator] Nichols exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 296 sentences, grouped into 60 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic?

Work through the 60 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 60 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic

Common questions about reading Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic by Mary Pickering [Translator] Nichols on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic?

Yes. All 3513 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #46109 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #46109, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic take to read?

About 292 minutes of reading across 703 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Boston
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Houghton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mifflin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.