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Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic
Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic is here in full — 291 sentences across 59 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic
Context Illustration Reading 1/58 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
[1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.
The ships that bore the warriors straight to the Norman land at length were sailing.
[1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”
[1138] Outspake then one of the sailors: Alas! and well-a-day!
I would we were at Givers, and dead near its mountain lay!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic is here in full — 291 sentences across 59 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/58 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.
Line 2
The ships that bore the warriors straight to the Norman land at length were sailing.
/ðə ʃɪps ðæt bɔːr ðə ˈwɔːriərz streɪt tuː ðə ˈnɔːrmən lænd æt leŋkθ wɜːr ˈseɪlɪŋ/
Line 3
[1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”
Line 4
[1138] Outspake then one of the sailors: “Alas! and well-a-day!
Line 5
I would we were at Givers, and dead near its mountain lay!
/aɪ wʊd wiː wɜːr æt ˈɡɪvərz ənd ded nɪr ɪts ˈmaʊntən leɪ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

breakers noun US /ˈbreɪkərz/

waves breaking on the shore

From this reading “[1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.””

Givers noun US /ˈɡɪvərz/

plural of “giver” — someone who devotes himself completely

From this reading “I would we were at Givers, and dead near its mountain lay!”

groaning verb US /ˈɡroʊnɪŋ/

-ing form of “groan” — indicate pain, discomfort, or displeasure

From this reading “[1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.””

honors noun US /ˈɑːnərz/

plural of “honor” — a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

From this reading “[1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.””

reel verb US /riːl/

walk as if unable to control one's movements

From this reading “[1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.””

smoothly adverb US /ˈsmuːðli/

with no problems or difficulties

From this reading “[1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.”

wail verb US /weɪl/

emit long loud cries

From this reading “[1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.””

woes noun US /woʊz/

plural of “woe” — misery resulting from affliction

From this reading “[1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at length preposition + noun

in a lengthy or prolix manner

In this reading “The ships that bore the warriors straight to the Norman land at length were sailing.”

brave knight adjective + noun

In this reading “[1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.””

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1136

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

1137

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

1138

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1138] Outspake then one of the sailors: “Alas! and well-a-day!

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

AlasexclamationUS /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading [1138] Outspake then one of the sailors: “Alas! and well-a-day!

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

aroseverbUS /ərˈoʊz/

inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading The ships that bore the warriors straight to the Norman land at length were sailing.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

breakersnounUS /ˈbreɪkərz/

waves breaking on the shore

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

buyverbUS /baɪ/

obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading I would we were at Givers, and dead near its mountain lay!

dearlyadverbUS /ˈdɪrli/

in a sincere and heartfelt manner

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

flowingnounUS /ˈfloʊɪŋ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

GiversnounUS /ˈɡɪvərz/

plural of “giver” — someone who devotes himself completely

From this reading I would we were at Givers, and dead near its mountain lay!

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

groaningverbUS /ˈɡroʊnɪŋ/

-ing form of “groan” — indicate pain, discomfort, or displeasure

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

honorsnounUS /ˈɑːnərz/

plural of “honor” — a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I would we were at Givers, and dead near its mountain lay!

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading I would we were at Givers, and dead near its mountain lay!

knightnounUS /naɪt/

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The ships that bore the warriors straight to the Norman land at length were sailing.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading I would we were at Givers, and dead near its mountain lay!

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading The ships that bore the warriors straight to the Norman land at length were sailing.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading I would we were at Givers, and dead near its mountain lay!

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading I would we were at Givers, and dead near its mountain lay!

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

NormannounUS /ˈnɔːrmən/

United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)

From this reading The ships that bore the warriors straight to the Norman land at length were sailing.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [1138] Outspake then one of the sailors: “Alas! and well-a-day!

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading [1138] Outspake then one of the sailors: “Alas! and well-a-day!

Ortwin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

Outspake

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1138] Outspake then one of the sailors: “Alas! and well-a-day!

overwhelmedverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈwelmd/

past form of “overwhelm” — overcome, as with emotions or perceptual stimuli

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

reelverbUS /riːl/

walk as if unable to control one's movements

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

rewardedverbUS /rɪˈwɔːrdɪd/

past form of “reward” — bestow honor or rewards upon

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

sailingnounUS /ˈseɪlɪŋ/

the work of a sailor

From this reading The ships that bore the warriors straight to the Norman land at length were sailing.

sailorsnounUS /ˈseɪlərz/

plural of “sailor” — any member of a ship's crew

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading The ships that bore the warriors straight to the Norman land at length were sailing.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

sinsnounUS /sɪnz/

plural of “sin” — estrangement from god

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

smoothlyadverbUS /ˈsmuːðli/

with no problems or difficulties

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading The ships that bore the warriors straight to the Norman land at length were sailing.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The ships that bore the warriors straight to the Norman land at length were sailing.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The ships that bore the warriors straight to the Norman land at length were sailing.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

TossedverbUS /tɔːst/

past form of “toss” — throw or toss with a light motion

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

unwillingadjectiveUS /ənˈwɪlɪŋ/

not disposed or inclined toward

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

wailverbUS /weɪl/

emit long loud cries

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

warriorsnounUS /ˈwɔːriərz/

plural of “warrior” — someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading The ships that bore the warriors straight to the Norman land at length were sailing.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

watersnounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

United States actress and singer (1896-1977)

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading [1137] But soon among the sailors arose again a wail; For now the ships were groaning, and soon began to reel, Tossed among the breakers that overwhelmed them nearly: Then said the brave knight Ortwin: “We now indeed must buy our honors dearly.”

well-a-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1138] Outspake then one of the sailors: “Alas! and well-a-day!

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

woesnounUS /woʊz/

plural of “woe” — misery resulting from affliction

From this reading [1136] To smoothly flowing waters they now were come at last: Their sins were not rewarded, and all their woes were past, While fear from them was taken, since God was not unwilling.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I would we were at Givers, and dead near its mountain lay!

Chapter 9 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic by Mary Pickering [Translator] Nichols holds 291 sentences, grouped into 59 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic contain?

Chapter 9 holds 291 sentences of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic, unabridged, divided into 59 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic by Mary Pickering [Translator] Nichols exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 291 sentences, grouped into 59 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic?

Work through the 59 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 59 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic

Common questions about reading Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic by Mary Pickering [Translator] Nichols on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic?

Yes. All 3513 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #46109 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #46109, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic take to read?

About 292 minutes of reading across 703 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic section by section

How to work through Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Boston
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Houghton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mifflin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.