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Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic
Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic is here in full — 297 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/59 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
[1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.
Strong indeed was his foeman; who now to win his lands could hope be feeling?
[1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.
Well to guard himself had Hartmut striven.
[1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic is here in full — 297 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/59 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.
Line 2
Strong indeed was his foeman; who now to win his lands could hope be feeling?
Line 3
[1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, thostrong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.
Line 4
Well to guard himself had Hartmut striven.
Line 5
[1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

armor noun US /ˈɑːrmər/

protective covering made of metal and used in combat

From this reading “[1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.”

bestow verb US /bɪˈstoʊ/

present

From this reading “[1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.”

bind verb US /baɪnd/

stick to firmly

From this reading “[1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.”

ruddy adjective US /ˈrʌdi/

inclined to a healthy reddish color often associated with outdoor life

From this reading “[1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.”

shattered adjective US /ˈʃætərd/

ruined or disrupted

From this reading “[1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.”

striven verb US /ˈstrɪvən/

inflected form of “strive” — attempt by employing effort

From this reading “Well to guard himself had Hartmut striven.”

tho noun US /ðoʊ/

a branch of the Tai languages

From this reading “[1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.”

welling verb US /ˈwelɪŋ/

-ing form of “well” — come up, as of a liquid

From this reading “[1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

from the field preposition + article + noun counted as “from … field”

In this reading “[1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1424

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

1425

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

1426

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

armornounUS /ˈɑːrmər/

protective covering made of metal and used in combat

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

AwayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Strong indeed was his foeman; who now to win his lands could hope be feeling?

BeatenadjectiveUS /ˈbiːtən/

formed or made thin by hammering

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

bestowverbUS /bɪˈstoʊ/

present

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

bindverbUS /baɪnd/

stick to firmly

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

bucklers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Strong indeed was his foeman; who now to win his lands could hope be feeling?

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading Strong indeed was his foeman; who now to win his lands could hope be feeling?

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

foemannoun

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading Strong indeed was his foeman; who now to win his lands could hope be feeling?

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

guardnounUS /ɡɑːrd/

a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading Well to guard himself had Hartmut striven.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

Hartmut

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

Hartmut's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Well to guard himself had Hartmut striven.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Strong indeed was his foeman; who now to win his lands could hope be feeling?

Horant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Strong indeed was his foeman; who now to win his lands could hope be feeling?

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Strong indeed was his foeman; who now to win his lands could hope be feeling?

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Strong indeed was his foeman; who now to win his lands could hope be feeling?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

Ortwin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

RanverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

ruddyadjectiveUS /ˈrʌdi/

inclined to a healthy reddish color often associated with outdoor life

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

SawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

shatteredadjectiveUS /ˈʃætərd/

ruined or disrupted

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

strivenverbUS /ˈstrɪvən/

inflected form of “strive” — attempt by employing effort

From this reading Well to guard himself had Hartmut striven.

StrongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Strong indeed was his foeman; who now to win his lands could hope be feeling?

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

sword-strokes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

thonounUS /ðoʊ/

a branch of the Tai languages

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Strong indeed was his foeman; who now to win his lands could hope be feeling?

wastedadjectiveUS /ˈweɪstɪd/

serving no useful purpose; having no excuse for being

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

WelladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Well to guard himself had Hartmut striven.

wellingverbUS /ˈwelɪŋ/

-ing form of “well” — come up, as of a liquid

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading [1425] Then in bitter struggle many, on either side, Saw their bucklers shattered, tho’ strong and often tried; Beaten were they and broken by sword-strokes quickly given By each upon the other.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Strong indeed was his foeman; who now to win his lands could hope be feeling?

wide-gaping

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

winverbUS /wɪn/

be the winner in a contest or competition; be victorious

From this reading Strong indeed was his foeman; who now to win his lands could hope be feeling?

woundednounUS /ˈwuːndɪd/

people who are wounded

From this reading [1424] Hartmut wounded Horant, even as he had done Not long before to Ortwin; a ruddy stream full soon Ran from out his armor, at Hartmut’s hand forth welling.

woundsnounUS /wuːndz/

plural of “wound” — an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading [1426] Now the friends of Ortwin, and those of Horant, too, Away from the field did lead them; and care did they bestow To bind their wounds wide-gaping; no time for this they wasted.

Chapter 11 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic by Mary Pickering [Translator] Nichols holds 297 sentences, grouped into 60 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic contain?

Chapter 11 holds 297 sentences of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic, unabridged, divided into 60 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic by Mary Pickering [Translator] Nichols exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 297 sentences, grouped into 60 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic?

Work through the 60 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 60 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic

Common questions about reading Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic by Mary Pickering [Translator] Nichols on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic?

Yes. All 3513 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #46109 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #46109, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic take to read?

About 292 minutes of reading across 703 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic section by section

How to work through Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Boston
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Houghton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mifflin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.